Cho a,b,c>0 CMR
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{6a^2+5ab+b^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{6b^2+5bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2}{6c^2+5ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
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Bài 2:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM
Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !
1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
Đặt biểu thức đã cho là \(A\)
Ta có:
\(6a^2+8ab+11b^2=2a^2+(2a+2b)^2+7b^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\([2a^2+(2a+2b)^2+7b^2](2+4^2+7)\geq (2a+8a+8b+7b)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 25(6a^2+8ab+11b^2)\geq (10a+15b)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{6a^2+8ab+11b^2}\geq 2a+3b\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^2+3ab+b^2}{\sqrt{6a^2+8ab+11b^2}}\leq \frac{a^2+3ab+b^2}{2a+3b}\)
Thực hiện tương tự với các biểu thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(A\leq \frac{a^2+3ab+b^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{a^2+3ac+c^2}{2c+3a}+\frac{b^2+3bc+c^2}{2b+3c}\)
\(6A\leq \frac{3a(2a+3b)+2b(2a+3b)+5ab}{2a+3b}+\frac{3c(2c+3a)+2a(2c+3a)+5ac}{2c+3a}+\frac{3b(2b+3c)+2c(2b+3c)+5bc}{2b+3c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 6A\leq 3a+2b+\frac{5ab}{2a+3b}+3c+2a+\frac{5ac}{2c+3a}+3b+2c+\frac{5bc}{2b+3c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 6A\leq 5(a+b+c)+5\left(\frac{ab}{2a+3b}+\frac{bc}{2b+3c}+\frac{ac}{2c+3a}\right)\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM:
\((a+b+c)^2\leq 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)=9\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq 3(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng ngược:
\(\frac{ab}{2a+3b}\leq \frac{ab}{25}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\frac{bc}{2b+3c}\leq \frac{bc}{25}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\frac{ca}{2c+3a}\leq \frac{ca}{25}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{2a+3b}+\frac{bc}{2b+3c}+\frac{ac}{2c+3a}\leq \frac{1}{5}(a+b+c)(2)\)
Từ (1); (2) suy ra:
\(6A\leq 5(a+b+c)+5.\frac{1}{5}(a+b+c)=6(a+b+c)\leq 18\)
\(\Rightarrow A\leq 3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ:
\(3\left(a^2+a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
P=\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}P=\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{3\left(a^2+a^2+b^2\right)}+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}P\le\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(2a+b\right)^2}+a+b+c}=\sum\dfrac{a}{3a+2b+c}\)
Xét M=\(\sum\dfrac{a}{3a+2b+c}\)
\(3-3M=\sum\dfrac{2b+c}{3a+2b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3-3M=\sum\dfrac{\left(2b+c\right)^2}{\left(3a+2b+c\right)\left(2b+c\right)}\ge\)\(\dfrac{\left(3a+3b+3c\right)^2}{\sum\left(3a+2b+c\right)\left(2b+c\right)}\)
Mà
\(\sum\left(3a+2b+c\right)\left(2b+c\right)=5a^2+5b^2+5c^2+13ab+13bc+13ac=5\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\le5\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3-3M\ge\dfrac{\left(3a+3b+3c\right)^2}{6\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đúng theo AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x^4;y^4;z^4\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+y^2+1+2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+z^2+z^2+1+2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+x^2+x^2+1+2}\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2xy+2y+2}+\dfrac{1}{2yz+2z+2}+\dfrac{1}{2zx+2x+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:
\(a^2=\left(-b-c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
Tương tự ta cũng có
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca\\c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vô ta được
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{3a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{3b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{3c^2}{ab}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3.\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\right)+3abC}{abc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{abc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3.3}=3\)
ĐPCM