Cho \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}=1\) và \(\dfrac{xy}{ab}=-2\) . Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{x^3}{a^3}+\dfrac{y^3}{b^3}=7\)
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\(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)^3=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}+3\frac{xy}{ab}\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}-6=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}=7\)
đpcm
1.Ta có :\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2\) (do x+y=1)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2.
a) Sửa đề: \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(b^3-ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(a,b\ge0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
b) Lần trước mk giải rồi nhá
3.
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel\(P=\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{z+1}\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b) \(Q=\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+1}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2.1}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2.1}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2.1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{2x}+\dfrac{y}{2y}+\dfrac{z}{2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b/ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)
=> \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+d+b}\right)^3\) (2)Từ (1) và (2)=>đpcm
Bài 2:
a: \(A=\dfrac{3}{2\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{10x}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{5}{2\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-3+10x-5x-5}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{8x-8}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{4}{x+1}\)
b: Để P/2=3/x^2+2 thì \(\dfrac{4}{2x+2}=\dfrac{3}{x^2+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3}{x^2+2}\)
=>\(2x^2+4-3x-3=0\)
=>2x^2-3x+1=0
=>(x-1)(2x-1)=0
=>x=1/2(nhận) hoặc x=1(loại)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{x^3}=\dfrac{b}{y^3}=\dfrac{c}{z^3}=m\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{x^2}+\dfrac{b}{y^2}+\dfrac{c}{z^2}=\dfrac{a}{x^3}.x+\dfrac{b}{y^3}.y+\dfrac{c}{z^3}.z=m.x+m.y+m.z=m\left(x+y+z\right)=m\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{x^2}+\dfrac{b}{y^2}+\dfrac{c}{z^2}}=\sqrt[3]{m}\) (1)
Lại có:
\(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{x^3}.x^3}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b}{y^3}.y^3}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c}{z^3}.z^3}=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{x^3}}.x+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b}{y^3}}.y+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c}{z^3}}.z=\sqrt[3]{m}.x+\sqrt[3]{m}.y+\sqrt[3]{m}.z=\sqrt[3]{m}\left(x+y+z\right)=\sqrt[3]{m}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1), (2)
=> \(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{x^2}+\dfrac{b}{y^2}+\dfrac{c}{z^2}}=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\frac{x}{a}=m; \frac{y}{b}=n\)
Khi đó ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} m+n=\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1\\ mn=\frac{xy}{ab}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo hằng đẳng thức:
\(\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}=m^3+n^3=(m+n)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2\)
\(=(m+n)^3-3mn(m+n)=1-3(-2).1=7\)
Ta có đpcm