tính (x+y-z)^2
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a) Ta có: \(A=x\left(x+2\right)+y\left(y-2\right)-2xy+37\)
\(=x^2+2x+y^2-2y-2xy+37\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(2x-2y\right)+37\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+2\right)+37\)(1)
Thay x-y=7 vào biểu thức (1), ta được:
\(A=7\cdot\left(7+2\right)+37=7\cdot9+37=100\)
Vậy: Khi x-y=7 thì A=100
b) Ta có: \(x+y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy+10=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-3\)
Ta có: \(A=x^3+y^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)(2)
Thay x+y=2; \(x^2+y^2=10\) và xy=-3 vào biểu thức (2), ta được:
\(A=2\cdot\left(10+3\right)=2\cdot13=26\)
Vậy: Khi x+y=2 và \(x^2+y^2=10\) thì A=26
\(\Rightarrow A=x^2+2x+y^2-2y-2xy+37=x^2-2xy+y^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+37=7^2+2\cdot7+37=100\)
\(\Rightarrow A=x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left[x^2+y^2-\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}\right]=2\cdot\left[10+3\right]=2\cdot13=26\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\x+z=-y\\y+z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{x+y}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{y+z}{z}\right)\left(\dfrac{x+z}{x}\right)=-\dfrac{z}{y}\cdot\dfrac{-x}{z}\cdot-\dfrac{y}{x}=-1\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{x+y},\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{y+z},\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{z+x}\)
Đề trở thành: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\), tính \(P=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) Tương đương \(ab+bc=-ac\)
\(P=\dfrac{b^3c^3+a^3c^3+a^3b^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc\right)\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{-ac\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2c^2-a^2b^2+ab^2c-b^2c^2}{ab^2c}=\dfrac{ac}{b^2}-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\)\(=ac\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\) (do \(\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{c}\) tương đương \(\dfrac{1}{b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\))
\(=3\)
Vậy P=3
Sửa đề cho x/y-z + y/z-x + z/x-y =0,tính Q=x/(y-z)^2 + y/(z-x)^2 + z/(x-y)^2
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{y-z}+\frac{y}{z-x}+\frac{z}{x-y}=0\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y-z}=-\left(\frac{y}{z-x}+\frac{z}{x-y}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y-z}=\frac{y}{x-z}+\frac{z}{y-x}=\frac{y^2-xy+xz-z^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\left(y-z\right)^2}=\frac{y^2-xy+xz-z^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{y}{\left(z-x\right)^2}=\frac{z^2-yz+yx-x^2}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)};\frac{z}{\left(x-y\right)^2}=\frac{x^2-zx+zy-y^2}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
Cộng ba đẳng thức trên vế theo vế, ta được:
\(\frac{x}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\frac{y}{\left(z-x\right)^2}+\frac{z}{\left(x-y\right)^2}=\frac{y^2-xy+xz-z^2+z^2-yz+yx-x^2+x^2-zx+zy-y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=0\)
Vậy Q = 0
\(\left(x+y-z\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y-z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)\)
\(=x^2+xy-xz+xy+y^2-yz-zx-zy+z^2\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy-2zx-2zy\)