Cho a>0, b>0 và \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=1\) chứng minh rằng
\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\)
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=x\\\sqrt{b}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow x\left(\frac{x}{y}-1\right)\ge y\left(1-\frac{y}{x}\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{y}-x\ge y-\frac{y^2}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}-x-y\ge0\)
bđt này hiển nhiên đúng theo Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}-x-y\ge0\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y\Rightarrow a=b\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM :
\(\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{b\cdot1}\le\frac{b+1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}\ge\frac{a}{\frac{b+1}{2}}=\frac{2a}{b+1}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=1\)
+ Tương tự ta cm đc :
\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\frac{2b}{c+1}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow c=1\)
\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+1}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Do đó : \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\left(\frac{a}{b+1}+\frac{b}{c+}+\frac{c}{a+1}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các cặp số dương, ta có: \(VT=\Sigma\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}=\Sigma\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}\)
\(\ge\Sigma\frac{a}{\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}}=\Sigma\frac{2a}{b^2+2}=\Sigma\left(a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+2}\right)\)
\(=\Sigma\left(a-\frac{2ab^2}{b^2+b^2+4}\right)\ge\Sigma\left(a-\frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{4b^4}}\right)\)\(=\Sigma\left[a-\frac{a\sqrt[3]{2b^2}}{3}\right]=\Sigma\left[a-\frac{a\sqrt[3]{2.b.b}}{3}\right]\)
\(\ge\Sigma\left[a-\frac{a\left(2+b+b\right)}{9}\right]\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}-\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}-\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)\(\ge\frac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}-\frac{2.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{9}=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 2
\(a^3+b^3+1=a^3+b^3+abc\ge ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\sqrt{1+a^3+b^3}}{ab}\ge\frac{\sqrt{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}}{ab}=\frac{\sqrt{a+b+c}}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Tuong tu: \(\frac{\sqrt{1+b^3+c^3}}{bc}\ge\frac{\sqrt{a+b+c}}{\sqrt{bc}}\)
\(\sqrt{1+c^3+a^3}\ge\frac{\sqrt{a+b+c}}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
suy ra: \(\frac{\sqrt{1+a^3+b^3}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{1+b^3+c^3}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{1+c^3+a^3}}{ca}\ge\sqrt{a+b+c}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
\(\ge\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}}=3\sqrt{3}\) (dpcm)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=1\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=ab\)\(\Rightarrow ab-a-b=0\)
Dùng phép biến đổi tương đương
\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=a-1+b-1+2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-a+1-b+1=2\sqrt{ab-a-b+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2=2\sqrt{0+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2=2\)(Luôn đúng )
Vậy \(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\)