Cho 5 số nguyên a, b, c, d, e. Gọi x, y, z, t, q là hoán vị của 5 số đã cho. CMR : \(\left(a-x\right)\left(b-y\right)\left(c-t\right)\left(d-z\right)\left(e-q\right)⋮2\)
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Câu 1:
Ta có: \(\left[\dfrac{1}{2.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.8}+...+\dfrac{1}{65.68}\right]x-\dfrac{7}{34}=\dfrac{19}{68}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{3}{2.5}+\dfrac{3}{5.8}+...+\dfrac{3}{65.68}\right)\right]x=\dfrac{33}{68}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{8}+...+\dfrac{1}{65}-\dfrac{1}{68}\right)\right]x=\dfrac{33}{68}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{68}\right)\right]x=\dfrac{33}{68}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{11}{68}x=\dfrac{33}{68}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3\)
Vậy \(x=3.\)
a, \(\left|3x-4\right|+\left|3y+5\right|=0\)
Ta có :
\(\left|3x-4\right|\ge0\forall x;\left|3y+5\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow\left|3x-4\right|+\left|3y+5\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4=0\\3y+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=4\\3y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ Vậy.........\)
b, \(\left|x+\dfrac{19}{5}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{1890}{1975}\right|+\left|z-2004\right|=0\)
Ta có :
\(\left|x+\dfrac{19}{5}\right|\ge0\forall x;\left|y+\dfrac{1890}{1975}\right|\ge0\forall y;\left|z-2004\right|\ge0\forall z \)
\(\left|x+\dfrac{19}{5}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{1890}{1975}\right|+\left|z-2004\right|\ge0\forall x;y;z\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{19}{5}=0\\y+\dfrac{1890}{1975}=0\\z-2004=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{19}{5}\\y=-\dfrac{1890}{1975}\\z=2004\end{matrix}\right.\\ Vậy............\)
c, \(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\le0\)
Ta có : \(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x;\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|\ge0\forall y;\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{9}{2}=0\\y+\dfrac{4}{3}=0\\z+\dfrac{7}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{9}{2}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\\z=-\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\ Vậy............\)
d, \(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)
Ta có :
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|\ge0\forall x;\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|\ge0\forall y;\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x;y;z\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{5}=0\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\z=0-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{11}{20}\end{matrix}\right.\\ Vậy.......\)
e, Câu cuối bn làm tương tự như câu a, b, c nhé!
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}\frac{z}{4}}=\left|x-1\right|=1-x\)
\(\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}\frac{x}{4}}=\left|y-1\right|=1-y\)
\(\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\frac{y}{4}}=\left|z-1\right|=1-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge1-x+1-y+1-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\ge3-\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{x+y+z}{4}=3-2-\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(A=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
a. VT:(x-y)-(x-z)
= x-y-x+z
= z-y
VP:(z+x)-(y+x)
=z+x-y-x
=z-y
=> VT=VP => đpcm.
b. VT:(x-y+z)-(y+z-x)-(x-y)
= x-y+z-y-z+x-x+y
= x-y
VP:(z-y)-(z-x)
= z-y-z+x
= x-y
=> VT=VP => đpcm.
c. VT: a(b+c)-b(a-c)
=ab+ac-ab+bc
= ac+bc
VP: (a+b)c
= ac+bc
=> VT=VP => đpcm.
d. VT: a(b-c)-a(b+d)
= ab-ac-ab-ad
= -ac-ad
VP: -a(c+d)
= -ac-ad
=> VT=VP => đpcm
tương tự...
2 ) b )
\(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-\left(c+d\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a=-c^3-3c^2d-3d^2c-d^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a+c^3+3c^2d+3d^2c+d^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3a^2b-3b^2a-3c^2d-3d^2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3cd\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3ab\left(c+d\right)-3cd\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left(ab-cd\right)\left(c+d\right)\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
b/
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
* \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c=3a\\2c+a=3b\\2a+b=3c\end{matrix}\right.\)
+)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=3a-2b\\a=3b-2c\\b=3c-2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3a-2b\right)\left(3b-2c\right)\left(3c-2a\right)=abc\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b=3c-a\\2c=3b-a\\2a=3c-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3a-c\right)\left(3b-a\right)\left(3c-b\right)=8abc\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{8abc}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
1, Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\) (1)\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2-2y+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\) (2)\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2-2z+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\) (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra:
\(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\ge2x+2y+2z\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\) \(\xrightarrow[]{}\) đpcm
5. a, Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\) (1)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2-2y+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\) (2)
\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2-2z+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\) (3)
Từ (1),(2) và (3) suy ra:
\(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\ge2x+2y+2z\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
mà x+y+z=3
=>\(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2.3=6\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge6-3=3\)
<=> \(A\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy GTNN của A=x2+y2+z2 là 3 khi x=y=z=1
b, Ta có: x+y+z=3
=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=9\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=9\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2=9-2xy-2yz-2xz\)
mà \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\) (theo a)
=> \(9-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge3\)
<=> \(-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge3-9=-6\)
<=> \(xy+yz+xz\le\dfrac{-6}{-2}=3\)
<=> \(B\le3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy GTLN của B=xy+yz+xz là 3 khi x=y=z=1
Đặt: \(PDZ=\left(a-x\right)\left(b-y\right)\left(c-t\right)\left(d-z\right)\left(e-q\right)\)
Giải: Ta có: \(a;b;c;d;e\) và \(x;y;z;t;q\) là hoán vị của chúng.
Nếu \(a;b;c;d;e\) đồng thời là số chẵn hoặc số lẻ thì hiển nhiên \(PDZ⋮2\)
Nếu \(a;b;c;d;e\) tồn tại ở 4 số lẻ 1 số chẵn hoặc 4 số chẵn 1 số lẻ
\(\Rightarrow x;y;z;t;q\) cũng tồn tại tương ứng
Khi đó: \(PDZ=\left(l_1-c_1\right)\left(l_2-c_2\right)\left(l_3-l_4\right)\left(l_5-l_6\right)\left(l_7-l_8\right)=\left(c_1-l_1\right)\left(c_2-l_2\right)\left(c_3-c_4\right)\left(c_5-c_6\right)\left(c_7-c_8\right)\) và hoán vị
Vì \(l-l=c;c-c=c\) nên \(PDZ⋮2\)
chứng minh tương tự với trường hợp 3 lẻ 2 chẵn và 3 chẵn 2 lẻ ta có đpcm