Rút gọn phân thức:
1, \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-1+2xy}{x^2-y^2+1+2x}\)
2, \(\dfrac{x^4-y^4}{x^3+y^3}\)
3, \(\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2}\)
4, \(\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^3+\left(y^2-z^2\right)^3+\left(z^2-x^2\right)^3}{\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3}\)
5, \(\dfrac{x^3-7x+6}{x^2\left(x-3\right)^2+4x\left(3-x\right)^2+4\left(x-3\right)^2}\)
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Bài 1:
a: \(A=\dfrac{x^4+x^3+x+1}{x^4-x^3+2x^2-x+1}=\dfrac{x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)}{x^4-x^3+x^2+x^2-x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)}{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\)
Để A=0 thì x+1=0
hay x=-1
b: \(B=\dfrac{x^4-5x^2+4}{x^4-10x^2+9}=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-9\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x^2-9}\)
Để B=0 thi (x-2)(x+2)=0
=>x=2 hoặc x=-2
a: \(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
=a+b+c
b:
Sửa đề: \(=\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^3+z^3+3xy\left(x-y\right)+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-xz+yz+z^2\right)+3xy\left(x-y+z\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy-xz+yz\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-y+z}{2}\)
a) \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=a+b+c\)
Hầy mình không nghĩ lớp 7 đã phải làm những bài biến đổi như thế này. Cái này phù hợp với lớp 8-9 hơn.
1.
Đặt $x^2-y^2=a; y^2-z^2=b; z^2-x^2=c$.
Khi đó: $a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$
$\text{VT}=a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3$
$=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$
$=3(x^2-y^2)(y^2-z^2)(z^2-x^2)$
$=3(x-y)(x+y)(y-z)(y+z)(z-x)(z+x)$
$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$
$=3.4(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=12(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Áp dụng kết quả của bài 1:
Mẫu:
$(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1)$
Tử:
Đặt $x-y=a; y-z=b; z-x=c$ thì $a+b+c=0$
$(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3$
$=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=3abc$
$=3(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra \(\frac{(x-y)^3+(y-z)^3+(z-x)^3}{(x^2-y^2)^3+(y^2-z^2)^3+(z^2-x^2)^3}=1\)
Câu a:
Xét tử số:
\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=(x-y)^3+3xy(x-y)+z^3+3xyz\)
\(=(x-y)^3+z^3+3xy(x-y+z)\)
\(=(x-y+z)[(x-y)^2-z(x-y)+z^2]+3xy(x-y+z)\)
\(=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-2xy-xz+yz)+3xy(x-y+z)\)
\(=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Xét mẫu số:
\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(z-x)^2\)
\(x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+z^2-2zx+x^2\)
\(2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(\frac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{(x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(z-x)^2}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)
Câu b:
Xét tử số:
\((x^2-y)(y+1)+x^2y^2-1\)
\(=x^2y+x^2-y^2-y+x^2y^2-1\)
\(=(x^2y-y)+(x^2-1)+(x^2y^2-y^2)\)
\(=y(x^2-1)+(x^2-1)+y^2(x^2-1)=(x^2-1)(y^2+y+1)\)
Xét mẫu số:
\((x^2+y)(y+1)+x^2y^2+1\)
\(=x^2y+x^2+y^2+y+x^2y^2+1\)
\(=(x^2y+y)+(x^2+1)+(x^2y^2+y^2)\)
\(=y(x^2+1)+(x^2+1)+y^2(x^2+1)\)
\(=(x^2+1)(y+1+y^2)\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{(x^2-y)(y+1)+x^2y^2-1}{(x^2+y)(y+1)+x^2y^2+1}=\frac{(x^2-1)(y^2+y+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+y+1)}=\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}\)
a) \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
b) \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^3+4y^3\ge\left(x+y\right)^3\Leftrightarrow3x^3+3y^3\ge3x^2y+3xy^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2\left(x-y\right)-3y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
a: Ta có: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2-x^2-2xy-y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
1: \(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-1}{\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)}{\left(x+1-y\right)\left(x+1+y\right)}=\dfrac{x+y-1}{x-y+1}\)
2: \(=\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{x^2-xy+y^2}\)
3: \(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz}{2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\)