Cho 3 số thực dương a,b,c. Chứng minh:\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
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Bai 1: Ap dung BDT Bunhiacopxki ta co:
\(ax+by+cz+2\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+xz)} \)
\(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2)(x^2+y^2+z^2)} + \sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}+\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}\)
\(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc)(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx)}\)
\(= (a+b+c)(x+y+z)\)
=> \(Q.E.D\)
Tiep bai 4:Ta co:
BDT <=> \((2+y^2z)(2+z^2x)(2+x^2y)≥(2+x)(2+y)(2+z)\)
Sau khi khai trien con: \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)+x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥xy+yz+zx+2x+2y+2z \)
Ap dung BDT Cosi ta co:
\(z^2x+x ≥ 2zx \) <=> \(z^2x≥2zx-x\)
Lam tuong tu ta co: \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)≥4xy+4yz+4zx-2x-2y-2z \)(1)
\(x^2z+{1\over z}≥2x \) <=> \(x^2z≥2x-xy \) (do xyz=1)
Lam tuong tu ta co: \(x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥ 2y+2z+2x-xy-yz-zx\)(2)
Cong (1) voi (2) ta co: VT\(≥ 3(xy+yz+zx)\)(*)
Voi cach lam tuong tu ta cung duoc: VT\(≥ 3(x+y+z) \)(**)
Tu (*) va (**) suy ra : \(3 \)VT \(≥ 6(x+y+z)+3(xy+yz+zx) \)
<=> VT \(≥ 2(x+y+z)+xy+yz+zx\)
=> \(Q.E.D\)
Đặt \(P=\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^2}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4a}{9}\)(1)
\(\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^2}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4b}{9}\)(2)
\(\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{c^2}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4c}{9}\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\)ta được:
\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{27}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bạn có thể tham khảo cách này
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{2}{b}=y\\\frac{3}{c}=z\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)
BĐT thành \(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+x^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
ta sẽ dùng Bđt Cói \(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}=x-\frac{xy^2}{x^2+y^2}\ge x-\frac{xy^2}{2xy}=x-\frac{y}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại
\(\left(1\right)\ge x+y+z-\frac{x+y+z}{2}=3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=z=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{2}{b}\\z=\frac{3}{c}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó ta có BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(P=\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+x^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(P\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2}\)
Ta cũng có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=x^3+y^3+z^3+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\)
\(\ge3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=z\)hay\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\b=3\end{cases}}\)
a) Ta có: \(a^2-1\le0;b^2-1\le0;c^2-1\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\le0\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\le1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2-a^2b^2c^2\le1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\) ( vì \(abc\ge0\) )
Có \(b-1\le0\Rightarrow a^2b\sqrt{b}\left(b-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2b^2\le a^2b\sqrt{b}\)
Tương tự: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b^2c^2\le b^2c\sqrt{c}\\c^2a^2\le c^2a\sqrt{a}\end{cases}\Rightarrow dpcm}\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c+a}-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2c+b^2c-c^2a-bc^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2a+c^2a-a^2b-ca^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2b+a^2b-b^2c-ab^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{ba\left(b-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{cb\left(c-b\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{c+a}\le0\) (1).
Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\geq b\geq c\).
Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{c+a}\\ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)}{a+b}\le\dfrac{ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)}{c+a}\);
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{1}{c+a}\\ba\left(b-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{ba\left(b-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)}{b+c}\le\dfrac{ba\left(b-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)}{c+a}\).
Từ đó: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{ba\left(b-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{cb\left(c-b\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{c+a}\le\dfrac{ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ba\left(b-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)+cb\left(c-b\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{c+a}=0\).
Do đó (1) đúng hay bđt ban đầu cũng đúng. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c.