Tìm \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) thỏa mãn:
\(\dfrac{4}{7}< \dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{2}{3}\) và 7a + 4b = 1994
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\(ab+bc+ca=3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\\abc\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\dfrac{3}{8}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{6a+2}+\dfrac{b}{6b+2}+\dfrac{c}{6c+2}\) nên chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a}{3a+1}+\dfrac{b}{3b+1}+\dfrac{c}{3c+1}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3a+1}+\dfrac{1}{3b+1}+\dfrac{1}{3c+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)+\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)+\left(3c+1\right)\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27abc+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24\left(a+b+c\right)+120\ge165+9\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\) (đúng)
Chắc là bạn ghi nhầm mẫu số cuối cùng
\(\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}=1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(1+b\right)}{1+4a^2}\ge1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(1+b\right)}{4a}=1+b-a\left(1+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}\ge1+c-b\left(1+c\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1+a}{1+4c^2}\ge1+a-c\left(1+a\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P\ge3+a+b+c-\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(P\ge3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)>4/7 => a,b cùng dấu. Mà 7a+4b = 1994 => a,b ⊂ N*
4/7<a/b<2/3
⇔ 28/7=4<7a/b<14/3
Thay 7a = 1994 -4b vào BĐT trên, ta được:
4<1194/b-4<14/3
⇔8<1994/b<26/3
Vì b ⊂N* ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b< \dfrac{1994}{8}=249\dfrac{1}{4}\\b>\dfrac{3.1994}{26}=230\dfrac{1}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 231≤b≤249
Mặt khác 7a = 1994-4b ⇒1994-4b⋮7, mà 1994 chia 7 dư 6, suy ra 4b chia 7 dư 6, 2b chia 7 dư 3, b chia 7 dư 5.
Suy ra \(b\in\left\{236;243\right\}\)
+ Với b= 236 ⇒ a= 150
+Với b= 243 ⇒ a = 146
Vậy phân số a/b cần tìm là \(\dfrac{150}{236};\dfrac{146}{243}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{2b-3}{4}\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{4}{2b-3}\left(b\ne\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\) (1)
\(a\in Z\Rightarrow\left(2b-3\right)=\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow b=\left\{-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};1;2;\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{7}{2}\right\}\) Do \(b\in Z\Rightarrow b=\left\{1;2\right\}\)
Thay vào (1) \(\Rightarrow a=\left\{-4;4\right\}\)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}\left(a,b\in N,b\ne0\right)\)
\(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{4}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow7a>4b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8b< 1994\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b< 249\)
\(7a>4b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow14a>1994\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a>142\)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow3a< 2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6a+7a< 4b+7a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow13a< 1994\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a< 154\)
Có:\(3a< 2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6a+a+4b< 8b+a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1994< 8b+a\)
mà a=\(\frac{1994-4b}{7}\)
\(8b+a=8b+\frac{1994-4b}{7}>1994\)
\(\Leftrightarrow56b+1994-4b>13958\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b>230\)
Vậy \(\frac{4}{7}< \frac{a}{b}< \frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow a,b\in N;142< a< 154;230< b< 249\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâm Bài này có cần tìm cụ thể ko?