Hòa tan hoàn toàn 28g Fe = dung dịch HCl 20%
a) Viết phương trình
b) Tính C% dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng
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a) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
0,2----->1,2-------->0,4
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{\text{ax}it}=m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư
Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
nFe = nH2 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
b) nHCl = 2.nH2 = 0,6 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15M\)
\(a.Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ b.Giả.sử:có:100g.dd.HCl\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{20\%.100}{36,5}=\dfrac{40}{73}mol\\ n_{Fe}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2a+2b=\dfrac{40}{73}\\ BTKL:m_{ddsau}=56a+24b+100-2\left(a+b\right)=54a+22b+100\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95b}{54a+22b+100}=\dfrac{11,787}{100}\\ -54a+783,97b=100\\ a=b=0,137\left(mol\right)\\ C\%FeCl_2=\dfrac{0,137\cdot127}{\dfrac{95\cdot0,137}{11,787\%}}\cdot100\%=15,757\%\)
a. \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{Fe}=\frac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
b. Theo phương trình \(n_{HCl}=n_{Fe}.2=0,2.2=0,4mol\)
\(\rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\frac{0,4}{2}=0,2l=200ml\)
c. Theo phương trình \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow C_{M_{ddFeCl_2}}=\frac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=x+y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.\left(2x+2y\right)=73\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{73\left(x+y\right)}{20\%}=365\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mFe + mMg + m dd HCl - mH2 = 56x + 24y + 365.(x+y) - 2.(x+y) = 419x + 387y (g)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=11,87\%\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{95y}{419x+387y}=0,1187\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=0,9865\Rightarrow x=0,9865y\)
Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127x}{419x+387y}.100\%=\dfrac{127.0,9865y}{419.0,9865y+387y}.100\%\approx15,65\%\)
$n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,24}{56}=0,04(mol)$
$a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2$
$b,$ Theo PT: $n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,04(mol)$
$\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,04.22,4=0,896(l)$
Đáp án C
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Hidro và Clo: nCl– = nHCl = 2nH2 = 1 mol.
⇒ mmuối khan = mkim loại + mCl– = 20 + 1 × 35,5 = 55,5(g)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
______0,5____1______0,5____0,5 (mol)
b, Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=1.36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{20\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 28 + 182,5 - 0,5.2 = 209,5 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.127}{209,5}.100\%\approx30,31\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(a)Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl2+H2\)
\(b)n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{36,5.100}{20}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H2}=1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}saupư=182.5+28-1=209,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl2}=n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,5.127}{209,5}.100\%=30,3\%\)
Chúc bạn học tốt^^