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tìm giá trị lớn nhất của P = \(\dfrac{|x-2022|-|x-2023|+|x-2024|+2022}{|x-2022|+|x-2023|+|x-2024|}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT $|a|+|b|\geq |a+b|$ ta có:
$|x-2021+|x-2023|=|x-2021|+|2023-x|\geq |x-2021+2023-x|=2$
$|x-2022|\geq 0$ với mọi $x$
$\Rightarrow A=|x-2021+|x-2022|+|x-2023|\geq 2+0=2$
Vậy gtnn của biểu thức là $2$. Giá trị này đạt được khi:
$(x-2021)(2023-x)\geq 0$ và $x-2022=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2022$
A = (\(x\) + 1)2022 + (\(\sqrt{y-1}\))2023 đkxđ : y - 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ y ≥ 1
⇔ (\(x\) + 1)2022 + (\(\sqrt{y-1}\))2023 = 0
vì (\(x\) + 1)2022 ≥ 0; \(\sqrt{y-1}\) ≥ 0 ⇒ (\(\sqrt{y-1}\))2023 ≥ 0
Nên A = 0 ⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nghiệm của A là: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(x-2022\right)^{2024}+\left|y-2023\right|\le0\left(1\right)\)
Nhận thấy : \(\left(x-2022\right)^{2024}\ge0\forall x\inℝ,\left|y-2023\right|\ge0\forall y\inℝ\)
\(=>\left(x-2022\right)^{2024}+\left|y-2023\right|\ge0\forall x,y\inℝ\)
Do đó (1) xảy ra khi :
\(\left(x-2022\right)^{2024}=0,\left|y-2023\right|=0\)
\(=>\left(x;y\right)=\left(2022;2023\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x+23}{2021}+\dfrac{x+22}{2022}+\dfrac{x+21}{2023}+\dfrac{x+20}{2024}=-4\)
Vì \(\dfrac{x+23}{2021}+\dfrac{x+22}{2022}+\dfrac{x+21}{2023}+\dfrac{x+20}{2024}=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+23}{2021}+\dfrac{x+22}{2022}+\dfrac{x+21}{2023}+\dfrac{x+20}{2024}+4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+23}{2021}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+22}{2022}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+21}{2023}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+20}{2024}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2044}{2021}+\dfrac{x+2044}{2022}+\dfrac{x+2044}{2023}+\dfrac{x+2044}{2024}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2044\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2021}+\dfrac{1}{2022}+\dfrac{1}{2023}+\dfrac{1}{2024}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2044=0\left(\dfrac{1}{2021}+\dfrac{1}{2022}+\dfrac{1}{2023}+\dfrac{1}{2024}\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-2024\)
olm sẽ hướng dẫn em làm bài này như sau:
Bước 1: em giải phương trình tìm; \(x\); y
Bước 2: thay\(x;y\) vào P
(\(x-1\))2022 + |y + 1| = 0
Vì (\(x-1\))2022 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\); |y + 1| ≥ 0 ∀ y
⇒ (\(x\) - 1)2022 + |y + 1| = 0
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^{2022}=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)
Thay (1) vào P ta có:
12023.(-1)2022 : )(2.1- 1)2022 + 2023
= 1 + 2023
= 2024
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y+z+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=z\\z=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào biểu thức \(P=\left(x-y\right)^{2022}+\left(y-z\right)^{2023}+\left(x-z-1\right)^{202}\),ta có:
\(P=0^{2022}+0^{2023}+\left(-1\right)^{202}\)
\(=0+0+1\)
\(=1\)
\(\frac{x+1}{2019}+\frac{x+2}{2018}+\frac{x+3}{2017}=\frac{x-1}{2021}+\frac{x-2}{2022}+\frac{x-3}{2023}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x+1}{2019}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x+2}{2018}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x+3}{2017}+1\right)=\left(\frac{x-1}{2021}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-2}{2022}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-3}{2023}+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x+1+2019}{2019}\right)+\left(\frac{x+2+2018}{2018}\right)+\left(\frac{x+3+2017}{2017}\right)=\left(\frac{x-1+2021}{2021}\right)+\left(\frac{x-2+2022}{2022}\right)+\left(\frac{x-3+2023}{2023}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2020}{2019}+\frac{x+2020}{2018}+\frac{x+2020}{2017}=\frac{x+2020}{2021}+\frac{x+2020}{2022}+\frac{x+2020}{2023}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2020}{2019}+\frac{x+2020}{2018}+\frac{x+2020}{2017}-\frac{x+2020}{2021}-\frac{x+2020}{2022}-\frac{x+2020}{2023}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2020\right)\left(\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2021}-\frac{1}{2022}-\frac{1}{2023}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2021}-\frac{1}{2022}-\frac{1}{2023}\ne0\)
=> x + 2020 = 0
=> x = -2020
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\frac{x+1}{2019}+\frac{x+2}{2018}+\frac{x+3}{2017}=\frac{x-1}{2021}+\frac{x-2}{2022}+\frac{x-3}{2023}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x+1}{2019}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x+2}{2018}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x+3}{2017}+1\right)=\left(\frac{x-1}{2021}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-2}{2022}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-3}{2023}+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x+1+2019}{2019}\right)+\left(\frac{x+2+2018}{2018}\right)+\left(\frac{x+3+2017}{2017}\right)=\left(\frac{x-1+2021}{2021}\right)+\left(\frac{x-2+2022}{2022}\right)+\left(\frac{x-3+2023}{2023}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2020}{2019}+\frac{x+2020}{2018}+\frac{x+2020}{2017}=\frac{x+2020}{2021}+\frac{x+2020}{2022}+\frac{x+2020}{2023}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2020}{2019}+\frac{x+2020}{2018}+\frac{x+2020}{2017}-\frac{x+2020}{2021}-\frac{x+2020}{2022}-\frac{x+2020}{2023}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2020\right)\left(\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2021}-\frac{1}{2022}-\frac{1}{2023}\right)=0\)
\(\text{Vì : }\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2021}-\frac{1}{2022}-\frac{1}{2023}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2020=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2020\)
Vậy x=-2020
\(\left|2022-x\right|+\left|2023-x\right|+\left|2024-x\right|=2\)
\(\left|x-2022\right|+\left|2024-x\right|+\left|2023-x\right|=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT trị tuyệt đối:
\(\left|x-2022\right|+\left|2024-x\right|\ge\left|x-2022+2024-x\right|=2\)
Nên: \(\left|x-2022\right|+\left|20240-x\right|+\left|2023-x\right|\ge2+\left|2023-x\right|\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2022\right)\left(2024-x\right)\ge0\\2023-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2023\)
Ta có:
|2022-x|+|2023-x|+|2024-x|=2
2022-x+2023-x+2024-x=2
(2022+2023+2024)+(-x-x-x)=2
6069-3x=2
3x=6069-2
3x=6067
x=6067/3
Vậy x =6067/3