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1: =(16x^2-8x+1)-y^2
=(4x-1)^2-y^2
=(4x-1-y)(4x-1+y)
2: =(x^2-2xy+y^2)-z^2
=(x-y)^2-z^2
=(x-y-z)(x-y+z)
3: =(x^2+4xy+4y^2)-16
=(x+2y)^2-4^2
=(x+2y-4)(x+2y+4)
4: =(x^2-4xy+4y^2)-16
=(x-2y)^2-4^2
=(x-2y-4)(x-2y+4)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y-y+2\right)\left(x-2y+y-2\right)=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y+2\right)\left(x-y-2\right)=-1=\left(-1\right)\cdot1\)
\(TH_1:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y+2=1\\x-y-2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y=-1\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ TH_2:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y+2=-1\\x-y-2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y=-3\\x-y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;1\right);\left(6;3\right)\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y^2\right)-\left(y-2\right)^2=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y-y+2\right)\left(x-2y+y-2\right)=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y+2\right)\left(x-y-2\right)=-1\)
Vì \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-2\in Z\\x-3y+2\in Z\\x-y-2,x-3y+2\inƯ\left(-1\right)=\left\{-1;1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có bảng:
\(x-3y+2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) |
\(x-y-2\) | \(1\) | \(-1\) |
\(x\) | 6 | 2 |
\(y\) | 3 | 1 |
5x2 + 4y2 - 4xy = 6x - 4y - 2
5x2 +4y2 - 4xy - 6x - 4y - 2 = 0
(x2 -4xy + 4y2) - 2x + 4y +4x2 - 4x + 2 = 0
(x - 2y)2 - 2(x - 2y).1 + 12 +(4x2 - 4x + 12) = 0
(x - 2y - 1)2 + (2x - 1)2 = 0
⇒\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y-1=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y-1=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-2y-1=0\Rightarrow\frac{-1}{2}-2y=0\Rightarrow y=\frac{-1}{4}\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{-1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2x^2+2y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz+10x+6y+34=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x+5\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y+3\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\\\left(x+5\right)^2=0\\\left(y+3\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x+5=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x=-5\\y=-3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=-5\\y=-3\\z=8\end{cases}}}\)
Đề:........
<=> (x - 2y)2 - z2
<=> [(x - 2y) - z].[(x - 2y) + z]
<=> (x - 2y - z).(x - 2y + z)
x2 - 4xy + 4y2 - z2
= ( x - 2y )2 - z2
= ( x - 2y - z )( x - 2y + z )