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a) \(\frac{21}{52}=\frac{210}{520}=1-\frac{310}{520}\)
\(\frac{213}{523}=1-\frac{310}{523}\)
Vì \(520< 523\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{520}>\frac{1}{523}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{310}{520}>\frac{310}{523}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{310}{520}< 1-\frac{310}{523}\)
hay \(\frac{21}{52}< \frac{213}{523}\)
b) \(\frac{1515}{9797}=\frac{15.101}{97.101}=\frac{15}{97}\); \(\frac{171171}{991991}=\frac{171.1001}{991.1001}=\frac{171}{991}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{15}{97}=\frac{150}{970}=1-\frac{820}{970}\); \(\frac{171}{991}=1-\frac{820}{991}\)
Vì \(970< 991\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{970}>\frac{1}{991}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{820}{970}>\frac{820}{991}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{820}{970}< 1-\frac{920}{991}\)
hay \(\frac{1515}{9797}< \frac{171171}{991991}\)
c) \(\frac{n+2}{n+3}=1-\frac{1}{n+3}\); \(\frac{n+3}{n+4}=1-\frac{1}{n+4}\)
Vì \(n\inℕ^∗\)\(\Rightarrow n+3< n+4\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{n+3}>\frac{1}{n+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{n+3}< 1-\frac{1}{n+4}\)
hay \(\frac{n+2}{n+3}< \frac{n+3}{n+4}\)
d) \(\frac{n+7}{n+6}=1+\frac{1}{n+6}\); \(\frac{n+1}{n}=1+\frac{1}{n}\)
Vì \(n\inℕ^∗\)\(\Rightarrow n+6>n\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{n+6}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{n+6}< 1+\frac{1}{n}\)
hay \(\frac{n+7}{n+6}< \frac{n+1}{n}\)
Gọi d là ƯC(n + 2011, n + 2012)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}n+2011⋮d\\n+2012⋮d\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+2012\right)-\left(n+2011\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=\pm1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{n+2011}{n+2012}\) là phân số tối giản.
\(\frac{2n-1}{n+8}-\frac{n-14}{n+8}=\frac{2n-1-\left(n-14\right)}{n+8}=\frac{n+13}{n+8}\)
\(=\frac{n+8+5}{n+8}=1+\frac{5}{n+8}\inℤ\Leftrightarrow\frac{5}{n+8}\inℤ\)
mà \(n\inℤ\)nên \(n+8\)là ước của \(5\)suy ra \(n+8\in\left\{-5,-1,1,5\right\}\Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{-13,-9,-7,-3\right\}\).
\(\frac{2n-1}{n+8}-\frac{n-14}{n+8}=\frac{n+13}{n+8}=\frac{n+8+5}{n+8}=1+\frac{5}{n+8}.\)
Để biểu thức là số nguyên thì n+8 là ước của 5
\(\Rightarrow n+8=\left\{-5;-1;1;5\right\}\Rightarrow n=\left\{-13;-9;-7;-3\right\}\)
a, \(A=\frac{n+7}{n+2}=\frac{n+2+5}{n+2}=\frac{5}{n+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n+2\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)
Ta lập bảng
| n + 2 | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 |
| n | -1 | -3 | 3 | -7 |
b, \(B=\frac{n+5}{n-2}=\frac{n-2+7}{n-2}=\frac{7}{n-2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n-2\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)
Ta lập bảng
| n - 2 | 1 | -1 | 7 | -7 |
| n | 3 | 1 | 9 | -5 |
c, \(C=\frac{2n+13}{n+1}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)+11}{n+1}=\frac{11}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm11\right\}\)
Ta lập bảng
| n + 1 | 1 | -1 | 11 | -11 |
| n | 0 | -2 | 10 | -12 |
d) Để D là số nguyên <=> \(\frac{3n+7}{2n+3}\)là số nguyên
<=> \(3n+7⋮2n+3\)
<=> 2(3n + 7) \(⋮\) 2n + 3
<=> 6n + 14 \(⋮\)2n + 3
<=> 3(2n + 3) + 5 \(⋮\)2n + 3
<=> 5 \(⋮\)2n + 3 (vì 3(2n + 3) \(⋮\)2n + 3)
<=> 2n + 3 \(\in\)Ư(5) = {1; -1; 5; -5}
Lập bảng:
| 2n + 3 | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 |
| n | -1 | -2 | 1 | -4 |
Vậy ....
Ta có : \(N=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1000.1001}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+...+\frac{1001-1000}{1000.1001}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{1000}-\frac{1}{1001}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{1001}=\frac{1000}{1001}\)
Ta thấy : \(1001< 2020\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1001}>\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{1001}< -\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{1001}< 1-\frac{1}{2020}\Rightarrow\frac{1000}{1001}< \frac{2019}{2020}\)
Hay : \(N< M\)