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a.
\(A=\lim\frac{\sqrt[3]{n^6-7n^3-5n+8}}{n+12}=\lim \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{n^6-7n^3-5n+8}{n^3}}}{\frac{n+12}{n}}=\lim \frac{\sqrt[3]{n^3-7-\frac{5}{n^2}+\frac{8}{n^3}}}{1+\frac{12}{n}}\)
Ta thấy:
\(\lim\sqrt[3]{n^3-7-\frac{5}{n^2}+\frac{8}{n^3}}=\infty \)
\(\lim (1+\frac{12}{n})=1\)
Suy ra $A=\infty$
b.
\(B=\lim\frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+2}-\sqrt{2n+1}}=\lim \frac{1}{\frac{3n+2-(2n+1)}{\sqrt{3n+2}+\sqrt{2n+1}}}=\lim \frac{\sqrt{3n+2}+\sqrt{2n+1}}{n+1}\)
\(=\lim \frac{\sqrt{\frac{3n+2}{n}}+\sqrt{\frac{2n+1}{n}}}{\frac{n+1}{\sqrt{n}}}=\lim \frac{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{n}}+\sqrt{2+\frac{1}{n}}}{\sqrt{n}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}}\)
Ta thấy:
\(\lim( \sqrt{3+\frac{2}{n}}+\sqrt{2+\frac{1}{n}})=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}>0\)
\(\lim (\sqrt{n}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}})=\infty\)
$\Rightarrow B=\infty$
a) lim (n3 + 2n2 – n + 1) = lim n3 (1 + ) = +∞
b) lim (-n2 + 5n – 2) = lim n2 ( -1 + ) = -∞
c) lim ( - n) = lim
= lim = lim
= lim
=
.
d) lim ( + n) = lim (
+ n) = lim n (
+ 1) = +∞.
\(\lim\limits\left(\sqrt{2n^2+3}-\sqrt{n^2+1}\right)=\lim\limits\frac{n^2-2}{\left(\sqrt{2n^2+3}+\sqrt{n^2+1}\right)}=\lim\limits\frac{n-\frac{2}{n}}{\sqrt{2+\frac{3}{n^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}}=+\infty\)
\(\lim\limits\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)=+\infty\)
\(1,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{n^2}{n^4}+\dfrac{2n}{n^4}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{3n^4}{n^4}+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n^2}+\dfrac{2}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)=\dfrac{-lim\dfrac{1}{n^2}+2lim\dfrac{1}{n^3}+lim\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{0}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}=0\)
\(2,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4n}{n^2}-\sqrt{\dfrac{16n^2}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{n}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{lim\left(\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy giới hạn \(\left(2\right)\) không xác định.
\(3,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}\right)\left(3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}=\dfrac{\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}}{\dfrac{2}{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{2lim\dfrac{1}{n}}=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy \(lim\left(3\right)\) không xác định.
1.
\(\lim (n^3+4n^2-1)=\infty\) khi $n\to \infty$
2.
\(\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty} \frac{(n+1)\sqrt{n^2-n+1}}{3n^2+n}=\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty}\frac{-\frac{n+1}{n}.\sqrt{\frac{n^2-n+1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}\\ =\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty}\frac{-(1+\frac{1}{n})\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{-1}{3}\)
\(\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty} \frac{(n+1)\sqrt{n^2-n+1}}{3n^2+n}=\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}\frac{\frac{n+1}{n}.\sqrt{\frac{n^2-n+1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}\\ =\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}\frac{(1+\frac{1}{n})\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\lim \frac{1+2+...+n}{2n^2}=\lim \frac{n(n+1)}{4n^2}=\lim \frac{n^2+n}{4n^2}\\ =\lim (\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4n})=\frac{1}{4}\)
4.
\(\lim \frac{3^n-4.2^{n-1}-10}{7.2^n+4^n}=\lim \frac{(\frac{3}{4})^n-(\frac{2}{4})^{n-1}-\frac{10}{4^n}}{7(\frac{2}{4})^n+1}\\ =\lim \frac{(\frac{3}{4})^n-(\frac{1}{2})^{n-1}-\frac{10}{4^n}}{7(\frac{1}{2})^n+1}\\ =\frac{0-0-0}{7.0+1}=0\)
a) Cả tử số và mẫu số của \(\frac{7n^2-3n+12}{n^2+2n+2}\) đều dẫn đến \(\infty\) nên không thể trả lời ngay biểu thức đó tiến đến giới hạn nào (dạng vô định \(\left(\frac{\infty}{\infty}\right)\)). Tuy nhiên sau khi chia cả tử số và mẫu số cho \(n^2\) :
\(\frac{7n^2-3n+12}{n^2+2n+2}=\frac{7-\frac{3}{n}+\frac{12}{n^2}}{1+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{2}{n^2}}\)
Ta thấy ngay tử số gần đến 7 và mẫu số gần đến 1 (vì \(\lim\limits\frac{1}{n^p}=0,p\ge1\)
Điều đó cho phép ta áp dụng công thức và thu được kết quả \(\lim\limits\frac{7n^2-3n+12}{n^2+2n+2}=\lim\limits\frac{7-\frac{3}{n}+\frac{12}{n^2}}{1+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{2}{n^2}}=7\)
b) Áp dụng công thức "Nếu tồn tại \(\lim\limits a^n,k\in\)N* thì tồn tại \(\lim\limits\left(a_n\right)^k=\left(\lim\limits a_n\right)^k\)"
ta có :
\(\lim\limits a_n=\left[\lim\limits\left(\frac{3n^2+n-2}{4n^2+2n+7}\right)\right]^3\)
Mặt khác do \(\lim\limits\frac{3n^2+n-2}{4n^2+2n+7}=\lim\limits\frac{3+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{2}{n^2}}{4+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{7}{n^2}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
nên \(\lim\limits a_n=\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^3=\frac{27}{64}\)
\(a=\lim n\left(\sqrt[3]{-1+\dfrac{2}{n}-\dfrac{5}{n^3}}\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(b=\lim\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)=+\infty\)
\(c=\lim n\left(\dfrac{1}{n^2+n}-1\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(d=\lim\left(\dfrac{2n^2-1-2n\left(n+1\right)}{n+1}\right)=\lim\left(\dfrac{-1-2n}{n+1}\right)=-2\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{2n^2+n-3+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\dfrac{2}{n}-3}=\dfrac{+\infty}{-3}=-\infty\)