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Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+2}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{y+z+1+x+z+2+x+y-3}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=2\Rightarrow2x+2y+2z=1\Rightarrow x+y+z=0,5\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,5-z\\y+z=0,5-x\\x+z=0,5-y\end{matrix}\right.\\ \dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=2\Rightarrow y+z+1=2x\Rightarrow0,5-x+1=2x\Rightarrow x=0,5\\ \dfrac{x+z+2}{y}=2\Rightarrow x+z+2=2y\Rightarrow0,5-y+2=2y\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{5}{6}\\ \dfrac{x+y-3}{z}=2\Rightarrow x+y-3=2z\Rightarrow0,5-z-3=2z\Rightarrow z=-\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=x+y+z=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y+z+1+x+z+1+x+y-2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2x+2y+2z}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y+z+1=2x\Rightarrow y+z=2x-1\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x+z+1=2y\Rightarrow x+z=2y-1\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x+y-2=2z\)
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(3\right)\)
Thay (1) vào (3) ta có:
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow x+2x-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Thay (2) vào (3) ta có:
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow y+2y-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow3y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Rightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow z=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
TH1: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\)
TH2: \(x+y+z\ne0\)
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y+2z=1\\2x=y+z+1\\2y=x+z+1\\2z=x+y-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y+2z=1\\2x+2y+2z=3y+3z+1\\2x+2y+2z=3x+3z+1\\2x+2y+2z=3x+3y-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y+2z=1\\y+z=0\\x+z=0\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2.1+2z=1\\y=-z\\x=-z\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;0\right);\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z+y+1}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-2}{z}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2=x+y+z\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z+y+1=2x\\x+z+1=2y\\x+y-2=2z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z=2x-1\\x+z=2y-1\\x+y=2z+2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=2-x\\2y-1=2-y\\2z+2=2-z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x}{-2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)
=>\(\dfrac{x}{-4}=\dfrac{y}{6}\)
mà \(\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{2}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{-4}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{2}\)
mà x+y+z=28
nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{-4}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{-4+6+2}=\dfrac{28}{4}=7\)
=>\(x=-4\cdot7=-28;y=6\cdot7=42;z=2\cdot7=14\)
1: Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{6}\)
mà 4x-y=42
nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{4x-y}{4\cdot3-6}=\dfrac{42}{12-6}=\dfrac{42}{6}=7\)
=>\(x=7\cdot3=21;y=6\cdot7=42\)
2: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)
mà x-2y+3z=33
nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{2-2\cdot3+3\cdot5}=\dfrac{33}{2-6+15}=\dfrac{33}{11}=3\)
=>\(x=3\cdot2=6;y=3\cdot3=9;z=3\cdot5=15\)
3: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{6}{5}\)
=>\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{5}\)
mà x+y=121
nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{x+y}{6+5}=\dfrac{121}{11}=11\)
=>\(x=11\cdot6=66;y=11\cdot5=55\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng TCDTSBN:
$\frac{1}{x+y+z}=\frac{y+z+1}{x}=\frac{x+z+2}{y}=\frac{x+y-3}{z}=\frac{y+z+1+x+z+2+x+y-3}{x+y+z}=\frac{2(x+y+z)}{x+y+z}=2$
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\\ y+z+1=2x\\ x+z+2=2y\\ x+y-3=2z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\\ x+y+z+1=3x\\ x+y+z+2=3y\\ x+y+z-3=3z\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2}+1=3x\\ \frac{1}{2}+2=3y\\ \frac{1}{2}-3=3z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=\frac{1}{2}\\ y=\frac{5}{6}\\ z=\frac{-5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tìm các số nguyên dương x, y, z biết: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}=6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
\(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{x^2}}=2\)
Tương tự: \(y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge2\)
\(z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge2\)
Cộng vế theo vế 3 BĐT cùng chiều trên ta được:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge6\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{x^2}\\y^2=\dfrac{1}{y^2}\\z^2=\dfrac{1}{z^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( Vì x,y,z nguyên dương )
Vậy các số x,y,z thỏa mãn đề bài là (x;y;z)= ( 1;1;1)
Cách khác: Không sử dụng BĐT Cauchy
Pt \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)+\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+\left(z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+2+\left(z-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2+2=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+\left(z-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=0\\z-\dfrac{1}{z}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{x}\\y=\dfrac{1}{y}\\z=\dfrac{1}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)( Vì x,y,z nguyên dương )
\(\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)+\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+\left(z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=6\)
=> VT≥\(2.\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+2.\sqrt{y^2.\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+2.\sqrt{z^2.\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
= 2+2+2=6
Dau bang xay ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{x^2}\\y^2=\dfrac{1}{y^2}\\z^2=\dfrac{1}{z^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm1\\z=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)