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# Bài 1
* Ta cm BĐT sau \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\) (1) bằng cách biến đổi tương đương
* Với \(x,y>0\) áp dụng (1) ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\le1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(0< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\le1\) (I)
* Ta cm BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a,b>0\) (2)
Áp dụng (2) với x , y > 0 ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\) (II)
* Từ (I) và (II) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xra khi \(x=y=4\)
Vậy min \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=4\) khi \(x=y=4\)
AM-GM 5 số
M=9x^2+3x+1/3x+1/3x+1/3x+1420>=5\(\sqrt[5]{\text{9x^2*3x*1/3x*1/3x*1/3x}}\)+1420>=1425
\(A=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(3x-1\right)^2}=\left|x+1\right|+\left|3x-1\right|\)
Với \(x\le-1:A=-x-1-3x+1=-4x\)
Để A nhỏ nhất thì x lớn nhất => x = -1 => A = 4
Với -1 < x <= 1/3: \(A=x+1-3x+1=2-2x\)
Để A nhỏ nhất thì x lớn nhất => x = 1/3 => A = 4/3
Với x > 1/3: \(A=x+1+3x-1=4x\)
Do x > 1/3 => A > 4/3
=> A min = 4/3 <=> x = 1/3
\(B=3\left(x^2-2x+\frac{1}{3}\right)=3\left[\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\frac{2}{3}\right]=3\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
=> Vì 3(x-1)^2 >= 0 => B >= -2
B min = -2 <=> 3(x-1)^2 = 0 <=> x = 1
\(C=2\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{x}\right)=2\left[\left(x-2.\frac{3}{4}\sqrt{x}+\frac{9}{16}\right)-\frac{9}{16}\right]=2\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{8}\)
=> C >= -9/8
C min = -9/8 <=> căn x = 3/4 => x = 9/16
\(Q=\dfrac{3x-\sqrt{9x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{1-\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{3x-3\sqrt{x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{3x-3\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{3x-3\sqrt{x}-3-x+1-x+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{x-3\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
1/ \(\dfrac{5}{3}\le x\le\dfrac{7}{3}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x-5}=a>0\\\sqrt{7-3x}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2\\17-6x=2b^2+3\\6x-7=2a^2+3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác theo BĐT Bunhiacốpxki:
\(a+b=\sqrt{3x-5}+\sqrt{7-3x}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(3x-5+7-3x\right)}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow0< a+b\le2\)
Ta được hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2\\\left(2b^2+3\right).a+\left(2a^2+3\right)b=2+8ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=2\\2ab^2+3a+2a^2b+3b-8ab-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2ab=\left(a+b\right)^2-2\\2ab\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)-8ab-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-2\right)\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)-4\left(a+b\right)^2+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-4\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)+6=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-1< 0\left(l\right)\\a+b=2\\a+b=3>2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=2\) , dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(3x-5=7-3x\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=2\)
2/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm2\)
\(\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{15}{x^2-4}+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2-5.\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^2-4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^2-4}\right)-4\left[\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^2-4}\right)-\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)-4\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{4\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}=\dfrac{4\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\\\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}=\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=4\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\\x^2-3x+2=x^2+3x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+15x+6=0\\6x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{-5+\sqrt{17}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-5-\sqrt{17}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/ \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{3}{2}.\sqrt{9x-9}+24.\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{64}}=-17\) ( đkxđ : \(x\ge1\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{3}{2}.\sqrt{3^2\left(x-1\right)}+24.\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{8^2}}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{3.3}{2}.\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{24}{8}\sqrt{x-1}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{9}{2}\sqrt{x-1}+3\sqrt{x-1}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{9}{2}+3\right)=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)}.\left(-1\right)=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{-17}{-1}=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}\right)^2=17^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=289\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=289+1=290\)
vậy x= 290 là nghiệm của phương trình a
b/ \(3x-7\sqrt{x}+4=0\) ( đkxđ : \(x\ge0\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-3\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}-4=0\\\sqrt{x}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{4}{3}\\\sqrt{x}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{16}{9}\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{1;\dfrac{16}{9}\right\}\)
c/ \(-5x+7\sqrt{x}+12=0\) ( đkxđ: \(x\ge0\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(5x+5\sqrt{x}-12\sqrt{x}-12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left[5\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-12\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\right]\)= 0
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(5\sqrt{x}-12\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)=0\)
vì \(x\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow5\sqrt{x}-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{12}{5}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{144}{25}\)
vậy \(x=\dfrac{144}{25}\) là nghiệm của phương trình c
2. Ta có : 5-\(\sqrt{8}\)=\(\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{8}\)>=\(\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{9}=5-3=2=\sqrt{4}\)
Ta thấy \(\sqrt{4}>\sqrt{3}\)
<=> 5-\(\sqrt{8}\)>\(\sqrt{3}\)
3) \(M^2=\dfrac{x^2}{4}-\dfrac{x}{6}+1\)
Tính Min của biểu thức vừa lập.Xong dễ dàng tìm MinM (khai căn )
a: Sửa đề; \(P=\left(\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-3-x+1+x-4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{1-1+\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-6}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\)
b: Để \(P=\sqrt{x}\) thì \(3\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{x}-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x}=0\)
hay x=0
Chắc phải có điều kiện \(x>1\)? Khi đưa đề bài tốt nhất là em đừng ghi thiếu bất kì điều gì
\(9x+\dfrac{3x+1}{x-1}=9\left(x-1\right)+9+\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)+4}{x-1}=9\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{4}{x-1}+12\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{36\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}}+12=24\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}\)