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1.
Đặt \(x-2=t\ne0\Rightarrow x=t+2\)
\(B=\dfrac{4\left(t+2\right)^2-6\left(t+2\right)+1}{t^2}=\dfrac{4t^2+10t+5}{t^2}=\dfrac{5}{t^2}+\dfrac{2}{t}+4=5\left(\dfrac{1}{t}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{5}\ge\dfrac{19}{5}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{19}{5}\) khi \(t=-5\) hay \(x=-3\)
2.
Đặt \(x-1=t\ne0\Rightarrow x=t+1\)
\(C=\dfrac{\left(t+1\right)^2+4\left(t+1\right)-14}{t^2}=\dfrac{t^2+6t-9}{t^2}=-\dfrac{9}{t^2}+\dfrac{6}{t}+1=-\left(\dfrac{3}{t}-1\right)^2+2\le2\)
\(C_{max}=2\) khi \(t=3\) hay \(x=4\)
Bài 1:
a) (3x - 2)(4x + 5) = 0
<=> 3x - 2 = 0 hoặc 4x + 5 = 0
<=> 3x = 2 hoặc 4x = -5
<=> x = 2/3 hoặc x = -5/4
b) (2,3x - 6,9)(0,1x + 2) = 0
<=> 2,3x - 6,9 = 0 hoặc 0,1x + 2 = 0
<=> 2,3x = 6,9 hoặc 0,1x = -2
<=> x = 3 hoặc x = -20
c) (4x + 2)(x^2 + 1) = 0
<=> 4x + 2 = 0 hoặc x^2 + 1 # 0
<=> 4x = -2
<=> x = -2/4 = -1/2
d) (2x + 7)(x - 5)(5x + 1) = 0
<=> 2x + 7 = 0 hoặc x - 5 = 0 hoặc 5x + 1 = 0
<=> 2x = -7 hoặc x = 5 hoặc 5x = -1
<=> x = -7/2 hoặc x = 5 hoặc x = -1/5
a. \(8x\left(x-2007\right)-2x+4034=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2017\right)\left(4x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2017=0\\4x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2017\\4x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2017\\x=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=2017 hoặc x=1/4
b.\(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{x^2}{8}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{x}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}=0\\1+\dfrac{x}{4}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\dfrac{x}{4}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=0 hoặc x=-4
c.\(4-x=2\left(x-4\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4-x\right)-2\left(x-4\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left(2x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4-x=0\\2x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=4 hoặc x=7/2
d.\(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2x=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3\right)=0\)
Nxet: (x2+3)>0 với mọi x
=> x-2=0 <=>x=2
Vậy x=2
a, 8\(x\).(\(x-2007\)) - 2\(x\) + 4034 = 0
4\(x\)(\(x\) - 2007) - \(x\) + 2017 = 0
4\(x^2\) - 8028\(x\) - \(x\) + 2017 = 0
4\(x^2\) - 8029\(x\) + 2017 = 0
4(\(x^2\) - 2. \(\dfrac{8029}{8}\) \(x\) +( \(\dfrac{8029}{8}\))2) - (\(\dfrac{8029}{4}\))2 + 2017 = 0
4.(\(x\) + \(\dfrac{8029}{8}\))2 = (\(\dfrac{8029}{4}\))2 - 2017
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{8029}{8}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8029}{4}\right)^2-2017}\\x=-\dfrac{8029}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8029}{4}\right)^2-2017}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
\(1-4x^2=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\)
b.
\(8-27x^3=\left(2\right)^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)
c.
\(27+27x+9x^2+x^3=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.3^2.x+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)
d.
\(2x^3+4x^2+2x=2x\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)^2\)
e.
\(x^2-y^2-5x+5y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
f.
\(x^2-6x+9-y^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-3-y\right)\left(x-3+y\right)\)
b)x2-2x+1=4
⇔(x-1)2=4
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2\\x-1=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)x2-4x+4=9
⇔ (x-2)2=9
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=3\\x-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
d)4x2-4x+1=4
⇔ (2x-1)2=4
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=4\\2x-1=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
e)x2-2x-8=0
⇔ x2-4x+2x-8=0
⇔ x(x-4)+2(x-4)=0
⇔(x-4)(x+2)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
f)9x2-6x-8=0
⇔ 9x2-12x+6x-8=0
⇔ 3x(3x-4)+2(3x-4)=0
⇔ (3x-4)(3x+2)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\x=\dfrac{-2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
\(\ge0-2=-2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b)\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge0+7=7\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=7\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
c)
Ta có:
\(C=3x-x^2+2=2-\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{17}{4}-0=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=\dfrac{17}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) Ta có:
\(D=-x^2-5x=-\left(x^2+5x\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{25}{4}-0=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Vậy \(D_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
e) Ta có:
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+5^2-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
\(\ge0+0+2=2\)
Vậy \(E_{min}=2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-2y+5=y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3
a) x² + 10x + 25
= x² + 2.x.5 + 5²
= (x + 5)²
b) 8x - 16 - x²
= -(x² - 8x + 16)
= -(x² - 2.x.4 + 4²)
= -(x - 4)²
c) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1
= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³
= (x + 1)³
d) (x + y)² - 9x²
= (x + y)² - (3x)²
= (x + y - 3x)(x + y + 3x)
= (y - 2x)(4x + y)
e) (x + 5)² - (2x - 1)²
= (x + 5 - 2x + 1)(x + 5 + 2x - 1)
= (6 - x)(3x + 4)
Bài 4
a) x² - 9 = 0
x² = 9
x = 3 hoặc x = -3
b) (x - 4)² - 36 = 0
(x - 4 - 6)(x - 4 + 6) = 0
(x - 10)(x + 2) = 0
x - 10 = 0 hoặc x + 2 = 0
*) x - 10 = 0
x = 10
*) x + 2 = 0
x = -2
Vậy x = -2; x = 10
c) x² - 10x = -25
x² - 10x + 25 = 0
(x - 5)² = 0
x - 5 = 0
x = 5
d) x² + 5x + 6 = 0
x² + 2x + 3x + 6 = 0
(x² + 2x) + (3x + 6) = 0
x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = 0
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
x + 2 = 0 hoặc x + 3 = 0
*) x + 2 = 0
x = -2
*) x + 3 = 0
x = -3
Vậy x = -3; x = -2
1, \(A=x^2-2x+1-21=\left(x-1\right)^2-21\ge-21\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1
2, \(B=x^2+6x+9+34=\left(x+3\right)^2+34\ge34\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = -3
3, \(C=4x^2-4x+1-26=\left(2x-1\right)^2-26\ge-26\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1/2
4, \(D=x^2-10x+25+47=\left(x-5\right)^2+47\ge47\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 5
5, \(E=x^2-\dfrac{2.3x}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+4=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+\dfrac{7}{4}\ge\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 3/2
1, A = x2 - 2x - 20
A = x2 - 2x + 1 - 21
A = (x-1)2 - 21
vì (x-1)2 ≥ 0 ⇔ A ≥ -21 ⇔ A(min) = 21 ⇔ x = 1
B = x2 - 6x + 43
B = x2 - 6x + 9 + 34
B = ( x-3)2 + 34
vì (x-3)2 ≥ 0 ⇔ B ≥ 34 ⇔ B(min) = 34 ⇔ x = 3
C = 4x2 - 4x - 25
C = 4x2 - 4x + 1 - 26
C = (2x - 1)2 - 26
vì (2x-1)2 ≥ 0 ⇔ C ≥ -26 ⇔ C(min) = -26 ⇔ x =1/2
D = x2 - 10x + 72
D = x2 - 10x + 25 + 47
D = (x-5)2 + 47
(x-5)2 ≥ 0 ⇔ D ≥ 47 ⇔ D(min) = 47 ⇔ x = 5
E = x2 - 3x + 4
E = x2 - 2.3.1/2x + 9/4 + 7/4
E = (x-3/2)2 + 7/4
(x-3/2)2 ≥ 0 ⇔ E ≥ 7/4 ⇔ E (min) = 7/4 ⇔ x = 3/2