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a: \(M=2x^2-4x+3\)
\(=2x^2-4x+2+1\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1\)
\(=2\left(x-1\right)^2+1>=1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0
=>x=1
b: \(N=x^2-4x+5+y^2+2y^2\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+3y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+3y^2+1>=1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0 và y=0
=>x=2 và y=0
Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-3=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\\ A_{min}=-3\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Biểu thức A ko có max
\(a,-x^2+2x+5=-\left(x^2-2x-5\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1-6\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1=>Max A=6
\(b,B=-x^2-y^2+4x+4y+2=-x^2+4x-4-y^2+4x-4+10\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+10\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+10=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=2=>Max B=10
\(c,C=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1,y=-3=>MinC=2
1.
Đặt \(x-2=t\ne0\Rightarrow x=t+2\)
\(B=\dfrac{4\left(t+2\right)^2-6\left(t+2\right)+1}{t^2}=\dfrac{4t^2+10t+5}{t^2}=\dfrac{5}{t^2}+\dfrac{2}{t}+4=5\left(\dfrac{1}{t}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{5}\ge\dfrac{19}{5}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{19}{5}\) khi \(t=-5\) hay \(x=-3\)
2.
Đặt \(x-1=t\ne0\Rightarrow x=t+1\)
\(C=\dfrac{\left(t+1\right)^2+4\left(t+1\right)-14}{t^2}=\dfrac{t^2+6t-9}{t^2}=-\dfrac{9}{t^2}+\dfrac{6}{t}+1=-\left(\dfrac{3}{t}-1\right)^2+2\le2\)
\(C_{max}=2\) khi \(t=3\) hay \(x=4\)
Bài 2 :
\(A=4x^2-2.2x.2+4+1\)
\(=\left(2x-2\right)^2+1\)
Thấy : \(\left(2x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(A=\left(2x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Vậy \(MinA=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(B=\left(5x\right)^2-2.5x.1+1-4\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)^2-4\)
Thấy : \(\left(5x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(5x-1\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
Vậy \(MinB=-4\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(C=\left(7x\right)^2-2.7x.2+4-5\)
\(=\left(7x-2\right)^2-5\)
Thấy : \(\left(7x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(7x-2\right)^2-5\ge-5\)
Vậy \(MinC=-5\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
\(1.\)
\(A=-x^2-10x+1=-\left(x^2+10x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2.5x+5^2-5^2-1\right)=-\left[\left(x+5\right)^2-26\right]\)
\(=-\left(x+5\right)^2+26\le26\) dấu "=" xảy ra<=>x=-5
\(B=-4x^2-6x-5=-4\left(x^2+\dfrac{6}{4}x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)\)
\(=-4\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}+\dfrac{11}{16}\right)\)\(=-4\left[\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{6}\right]\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(C=-16x^2+8x-1=-16\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(=-16\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=-16\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\le0\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=1/4
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(B=-2x^2+4x+1\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-2x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-2x+1-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x-1\right)^2+3\le3\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1