Question

[Sách Giáo Khoa]

Tìm giá trị lớn nhất (hoặc nhỏ nhất) của các biểu  thức sau :

a) \(A=x^2-6x+11\)

b) \(B=2x^2+10x-1\)

c) \(C=5x-x^2\)

Answer 1

[Đời về cơ bản là buồn... cười!!!]

a) \(A=x^2-6x+11\)

\(\Rightarrow A=x^2-6x+9+2\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 3

Vậy \(MIN\) \(A=2\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

b) \(B=2x^2+10x-1\)

\(\Rightarrow B=2\left(x^2+5\right)-1\)

\(\Rightarrow B=2\left(x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{25}{2}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow B=2\left(x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{23}{2}\)

Ta có: \(2\left(x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{23}{2}\ge-\dfrac{23}{2}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = \(\dfrac{-5}{2}\)

Vậy \(MIN\) \(B=\dfrac{-23}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-5}{2}\)

c) \(C=5x-x^2\)

\(\Rightarrow C=-\left(x^2-5x\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C=-\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)+\dfrac{25}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow C=-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{25}{4}\)

Ta có: \(-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{25}{4}\le\dfrac{25}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = \(\dfrac{5}{2}\)

Vậy \(MAX\) \(C=\dfrac{25}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)