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\(9=3a^2+2b^2+2bc+2c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+b^2+c^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a-b-c\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(T_{max}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(T_{min}=-3\) khi \(a=b=c=-1\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c\)
Lại có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(a+b+c=0\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
Ta có \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\to2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do vậy \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\to3\left(13-x^2\right)\ge\left(7-x\right)^2\to\)
\(4x^2-14x+10\le0\to2x^2-7x+5\le0\to\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-5\right)\le0.\)
Từ đây ta được (lập bảng xét dấu nếu không hiểu) \(1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}.\) Khi \(a=b=c=2\) thì \(x=1.\) Khi \(a=b=c=-\frac{3}{2}\) thì \(x=\frac{5}{2}.\) Vậy giá trị bé nhất của x là \(1\) và giá trị lớn nhất là 5/2.
\(x^2+y^2=x+y\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-x+y^2-y=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ A=x+y=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+1\)
Áp dụng Bunhiacopski:
\(\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\right]^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]=2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow A\le1+1=2\)\(A_{max}=2\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge0\Rightarrow x+y=x^2+y^2\ge0\)
\(A_{min}=0\) khi \(x=y=0\)