Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsResearchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theretical ideal decisions to see how similar they...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Question: The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once" (paragrap 3) to explain that________.
A. people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice.
B. most decisions involve seven steps.
C. human mental capacity has limitations.
D. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions.
THE WASTE GENERATION
One of the most striking statistics that I have seen in a long time is that 5 per cent of all the energy used in the United States is consumed by computers that have been left on all night.
I can’t confirm this personally, but I can (56) reliably tell you that on numerous occasions I have looked out of hotel rooms late at night, in a (57) array of American cities, and been struck by the fact that every light in every neighbouring office building is still on, and that computer (58) screens are indeed flickering.
Why don’t Americans turn these things off? For the same reason, I suppose, that so many people here let their car engines (59) idle when they pop into a shop, or leave lights blazing all over the house, or keep the central heating on so hot – because, in short, electricity, petrol and other energy sources are so (60) ludicrously cheap, and have been for so long, that it doesn’t occur to them to (61) behave otherwise.
Why, after all, put up with the annoying experience of having to wait 20 seconds for your computer to (62) boot up each morning when you can have it at your immediate command by (63) wasteful it on all night?
We are terribly (64) short of resources in this country. The average American uses twice as much energy to get (65) through life as the average European. With just 5 per cent of the world’s population, we consume 20 per cent of its resources. These are not statistics to be proud of.
56: B. certainly
57: D. rarity
58: A. controls
59: D. work
60: C. relatively
61: D. perform
62: D. be
63: B. allowing
64: D. useful
65: C. along