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ĐKXĐ: \(-3\le x\le6\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh:
\(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{6-x}\le3\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác điều này hiển nhiên do bất đẳng thức Bunyakovski:
\(VT\le\sqrt{2\left[\left(x+3\right)+\left(6-x\right)\right]}=3\sqrt{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x+3=6-x\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Mặt khác theo AM-GM:
\(6\sqrt{2x+6}-2x-13=2\sqrt{9\left(2x+6\right)}-2x-13\le\left[9+\left(2x+6\right)\right]-2x-13=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $x=\dfrac{3}{2}.$
Từ đây thu được \(VT\le VP.\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $x=\dfrac{3}{2}.$
Vậy \(S=\left\{\dfrac{3}{2}\right\}\)
a)\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|1-x\right|+\left|x-2\right|=3\)
Có: \(VT=\left|1-x\right|+\left|x-2\right|\)
\(\ge\left|1-x+x-2\right|=3=VP\)
Khi \(x=0;x=3\)
b)\(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-5\right|=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25=361x^2-114x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-360x^2+104x+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5\left(5x-2\right)\left(9x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{5};x=-\frac{1}{9}\)
c)\(\sqrt{2x-2+2\sqrt{2x-3}}+\sqrt{2x+13+8\sqrt{2x-3}}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3+2\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\sqrt{2x-3+8\sqrt{2x-3}+16}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-3}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-3}+4\right)^2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-3}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-3}+4\right|=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x-3}+5=5\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}\) + \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}\) = 3
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)+ \(\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)= 3
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|\)+\(\left|x-2\right|\)=3
<=> x - 1 + x - 2 = 3
<=> 2x - 3 = 3
<=> x = \(\dfrac{6}{2}\)= 3
b ,
\(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=3-19x\)
<=>\(\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=3-19x\)
<=> \(\left|x-5\right|=3-19x\)
<=> \(x-5=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+19x=3+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20x=8\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{8}{20}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Bài 1:
\(x^4+2x^3+10x-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+2x^3-5x^2+5x^2+10x-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+2x-5\right)+5\left(x^2+2x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+5\right)\left(x^2+2x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x^2+5=0\\x^2+2x-5=0\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x^2+5>0\forall x\rightarrow Vn\\\Delta_{x^2+2x-5}=2^2-\left[-4\left(1.5\right)\right]=24\end{array}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x_{1,2}=\frac{-2\pm\sqrt{24}}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}=a\left(a\ge1\right)\\\sqrt{y}=b\left(b\ge0\right)\end{cases}\)(*) hệ đầu thành:
\(\begin{cases}3a+2b=13\left(1\right)\\2a-b=4\left(2\right)\end{cases}\).Từ \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow b=2a-4\) thay vào (1) ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow3a+2\left(2a-4\right)=13\)
\(\Rightarrow3a+4a-8=13\Rightarrow7a=21\Rightarrow a=3\) (thỏa mãn)
\(a=3\Rightarrow b=2a-4=2\cdot3-4=2\) (thỏa mãn)
Thay \(\begin{cases}a=3\\b=2\end{cases}\) vào (*) ta có:
(*)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}=3\\\sqrt{y}=2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x-1=9\\y=4\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=10\\y=4\end{cases}\)
\(ĐK:x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+x+4}+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=\sqrt{2x^2+2x+9}\) (*)
Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a;a\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+4=a+3\\2x^2+2x+9=2a+7\end{matrix}\right.\)
(*) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{2a+7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{2a+7}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+3+a+2\sqrt{a\left(a+3\right)}=2a+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{a\left(a+3\right)}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a\left(a+3\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+3\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\left(tm\right)\\a=-4\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \((tm)\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
\(ĐK:-1\le x\le1\\ PT\Leftrightarrow13\left(1-2x^2\right)\sqrt{\left(1-x^2\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}+9\left(1+2x^2\right)\sqrt{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1-x^2\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x^4}\left(13-26x^2+9+18x^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x^4}\left(22-8x^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x^4=0\\22-8x^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)=0\\x^2=\dfrac{22}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt{11}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\\x=-\dfrac{\sqrt{11}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
đk: \(-x^4+3x-1\ge0\)
Có \(-\left(x^4+1\right)\le-2x^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-x^4+3x-1}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\le\sqrt{3x-2x^2}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\)
Áp dụng bunhia có: \(\sqrt{3x-2x^2}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(3x-2x^{^2}+2x^2-3x+2\right)}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-x^4+3x-1}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\le2\) (*)
Có: \(x^4-x^2-2x+4=\left(x^4+1\right)-x^2-2x+3\ge2x^2-x^2-2x+3=\left(x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\) (2*)
Từ (*) (2*) dấu = xảy ra khi x=1 (TM)
Vậy x=1
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{2x-4}}+\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{2x-4}}=2\sqrt{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+4\sqrt{2x-4}}+\sqrt{2x-4\sqrt{2x-4}}=4\)(nhân 2 vế với \(\sqrt{2}\))\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-4+2\cdot\sqrt{2x-4}\cdot2+4}+\sqrt{2x-4-2\cdot\sqrt{2x-4}\cdot2+4}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-4}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-4}-2\right)^2}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-4}+2\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-4}-2\right|=4\)
Đến khúc này thì xét 3 trường hợp cx được, nhưng mình làm cách khác vì bài đây rơi vào t/h đặc biệt
Xét vế trái ta có:
\(\left|\sqrt{2x-4}+2\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-4}-2\right|\\ =\left|\sqrt{2x-4}+2\right|+\left|2-\sqrt{2x-4}\right|\ge\left|\sqrt{2x-4}+2+2-\sqrt{2x-4}\right|=4\)
Vậy biểu thức trên có giá trị bằng 4 khi \(\left(\sqrt{2x-4}+2\right)\left(2-\sqrt{2x-4}\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow2-\sqrt{2x-4}\ge0\\\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-4}\le2\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4\le4\\ \Leftrightarrow x\le4 \)
Kết hợp điều kiện, ta có \(2\le x\le4\)