Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Atomic were once thought to be fundamental pieces of matter, but they are in turn made of smaller subatomic particles There are three major subatomic particles neutrons, protons, and electronic. Protons and neutrons can be broken into even smaller units, but these smaller units not occur naturally in nature and are thought to only be produced in manmade particle accelerators and perhaps in extreme stellar events like supernovas. The structure of an atom can best be described as a small solar system, with the neutrons at the center and the electrons circling them in various orbits, just as the planets circle the sun. In reality, the structure of an atom is far more complex, because the laws of physics are fundamentally different at the atomic level than at the level of the observable word. The true nature of atomic structure can only be expressed accurately through complex mathematical formulas. This explanation, however, is of little use to most average people.

Protons and neutrons have nearly equal mass and size, but protons carry a positive electrical charge, while neutrons carry no charge at all. Protons and neutrons are bound together by the strong nuclear force, one of the four basic forces in the universe. Protons and neutrons give atoms some of their most basic properties. Elements are defined by two numbers: their atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons they have, and their atomic weight, which is equal to total number of their neutrons and protons. In most lighter atoms, the number of neutrons and protons is equal, and the element is stable. In heavier atoms, however, there are more neutrons than protons, and the element is unstable, eventually losing neutrons through radioactive decay until a neutral state is reached.

According to paragraph 2, an atom's atomic number is determined by __________. 

A. the sum of its protons and electrons 

B. the difference in the mass of its neutrons and protons 

C. the strength of the bond between its protons and neutrons 

D. the total number of protons it has 

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Chọn D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn 2, số lượng nguyên tử của một nguyên tố được xác định bởi __________.

  A. tổng số proton và electron của nó

  B. sự khác biệt về khối lượng giữa nơtron và proton của nó

  C. sức mạnh của liên kết giữa các proton và nơtron của nó

  D. tổng số proton nó có

Thông tin: Elements are defined by two numbers: their atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons they have, and their atomic weight, which is equal to total number of their neutrons and protons.

Tạm dịch: Các nguyên tố được xác định bởi hai con số: số lượng nguyên tử, bằng số lượng proton mà chúng có và trọng lượng nguyên tử, bằng tổng số nơtron và proton.