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a, A=2x2+y2-2xy-2x+3
= (x2-2xy+y2)+(2x2-2x+2)+1
=(x-y)2+2(x-1)2+1
vì (x-y)2 ≥0 ∀x,y
(x-1)2 ≥ 0 ∀x
=> (x-y)2+2(x-1)2+1 ≥1 ∀x,y
=> A ≥1
= > GTNN A = 1 khi
x-1=0
=> x=1
x-y=0
=> 1-y=0
=> y=1
vậy GTNN A =1 khi x=y=1
a ) \(x^2-x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN là \(\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
Bài 2:
a: \(=-\left(x^2+2x-100\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x+1-101\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+101< =101\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1
b: \(=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{3}x\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{36}-\dfrac{1}{36}\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{12}< =\dfrac{1}{12}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1/6
c: \(=-\left(3x^2+4y^2-18x+8y-12\right)\)
\(=-\left(3x^2-18x+27+4y^2+8y+4-43\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x-3\right)^2-4\left(y+1\right)^2+43< =43\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-1
a, \(x^2\) + 6x + 5 = 0
=>\(x^2\) + x + 5x +5 = 0
=>x(x + 1) + 5(x + 1) = 0
=>(x + 1)(x + 5) = 0
=> x + 1 =0 hoặc x + 5 =0
=> x = -1 hoặc x = -5
a) đặt \(A=x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MIN_A=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b) đặt \(B=2+x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-x-2\right)\)
\(=-\left[x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}-2\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MAX_B=\dfrac{9}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) đặt \(C=x^2-4x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot2+2^2-4+1\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\)
Vậy \(MIN_c=-3\) khi \(x=2\)
d) đặt \(D=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot1+1^2-1+11\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MIN_D=10\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
mấy câu còn lại tương tự
\(D=x^2+2y^2-2xy-3y+2x-5\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+2x+y^2-2y+1\right)+\left(y^2-y-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y^2-y-\frac{24}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}\right)-\frac{25}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{25}{4}\ge-\frac{25}{4}\forall x,y\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y+1=0\\y-\frac{1}{2}=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(E=\left(3x-1\right)^2-4\left|3x-1\right|+5\)
\(=9x^2-6x+1-4\left|3x-1\right|+5\)
*)Xét \(x\ge\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x-1\ge0\Rightarrow\left|3x-1\right|=3x-1\) thì:
\(E=9x^2-6x+1-4\left(3x-1\right)+5\)
\(=9x^2-6x+6-12x+4\)\(=9x^2-18x+10\)
\(=9x^2-18x+9+1=9\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1\)
\(=9\left(x-1\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
*)Xét \(x< \frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x-1< 0\Rightarrow\left|3x-1\right|=-3x+1\) thì:
\(E=9x^2-6x+1-4\left(-3x+1\right)+5\)
\(=9x^2-6x+6+12x-4=9x^2+6x+2\)
\(=9\left(x^2+\frac{2x}{3}+\frac{1}{9}\right)+1=9\left(x+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Ta thấy cả 2 trường hợp đều có Min=1 vậy ta chốt là Min=1 nhé
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{3}\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
câu b) hơi dài , tôi làm cách khác
đặt /3x-1/=t
ta có E=\(t^2-4t+5=\left(t^2-4t+4\right)+1=\left(t-2\right)^2+1>=1\)
=>Min E=1 dấu "=" xảy ra khi t-2=0<=>t=2=>/3x-1/=2=>\(\orbr{\begin{cases}3x-1=2\\3x-1=-2\end{cases}< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}}\)