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Tìm GTNN
a/ \(A=4x^2+7x+13=\left(4x^2+7x+\frac{49}{16}\right)+\frac{159}{16}=\left(2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)^2+\frac{159}{16}\ge\frac{159}{16}\)
b/ \(B=5-8x+x^2=\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-11=\left(x-4\right)^2-11\ge-11\)
c/ \(C=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
a)\(4x^2+7x+13=\left(4x^2+2\cdot2x\cdot\frac{7}{4}+\frac{49}{16}\right)+\frac{159}{16}=\left(2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)^2+\frac{159}{16}\)
Vì: \(\left(2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(\left(2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)^2+\frac{159}{16}\ge\frac{159}{16}\)
Vậy GTNN của bt trên là \(\frac{159}{16}\) khi \(x=-\frac{7}{8}\)
b) \(5-8x+x^2=\left(x^2+8x+16\right)-11=\left(x+4\right)^2-11\)
Vì: \(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(\left(x+4\right)^2-11\ge-11\)
Vậy GTNN của bt trên là -11 khi x=-4
C1. ( 2x + 3y )2 + 2( 2x + 3y ) + 1 = [ ( 2x + 3y ) + 1 ]2
C2. ( x + 2 )2 = ( 2x - 1 )2
<=> ( x + 2 )2 - ( 2x - 1 )2 = 0
<=> [ x + 2 + ( 2x - 1 ) ][ x + 2 - ( 2x - 1 ) ] = 0
<=> [ 3x + 1 ][ 3 - x ] = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}3x+1=0\\3-x=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{3}\\x=3\end{cases}}\)
b) ( x + 2 )2 - x + 4 = 0
<=> x2 + 4x + 4 - x + 4 = 0
<=> x2 - 3x + 8 = 0
Mà ta có x2 - 3x + 8 = x2 - 3x + 9/4 + 23/4 = ( x - 3/2 )2 + 23/4 ≥ 23/4 > 0 với mọi x
=> Phương trình vô nghiệm
C3. a) A = x2 - 2x + 5 = x2 - 2x + 4 + 1 = ( x - 2 )2 + 1
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
Vậy AMin = 1 , đạt được khi x = 2
b)B = x2 - x + 1 = x2 - x + 1/4 + 3/4 = ( x - 1/2 )2 + 3/4
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 1/2 = 0 => x = 1/2
Vậy BMin = 3/4, đạt được khi x = 1/2
c) C = ( x - 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 3 )( x + 6 )
C = [ ( x - 1 )( x + 6 )][ ( x + 2 )( x + 3 ]
C = [ x2 + 5x - 6 ][ x2 + 5x + 6 ]
C = ( x2 + 5x )2 - 36
\(\left(x^2+5x\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x2 + 5x = 0
<=> x( x + 5 ) = 0
<=> x = 0 hoặc x + 5 = 0
<=> x = 0 hoặc x = -5
Vậy CMin = -36, đạt được khi x = 0 hoặc x = -5
d) D = x2 + 5y2 - 2xy + 4y + 3
= ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) + ( 4y2 + 4y + 1 ) + 2
= ( x - y )2 + ( 2y + 1 )2 + 2
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(2y+1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
=> \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\2y+1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x=y=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy DMin = 2 , đạt được khi x = y = -1/2
C4. a) ( Cái này tìm được Min k tìm được Max )
A = x2 - 4x - 2 = x2 - 4x + 4 - 6 = ( x - 2 )2 - 6
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-6\ge-6\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
Vậy AMin = -6 , đạt được khi x = 2
b) B = -2x2 - 3x + 5 = -2( x2 + 3/2x + 9/16 ) + 49/8 = -2( x + 3/4 )2 + 49/8
\(-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\le0\Rightarrow-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)+\frac{49}{8}\le\frac{49}{8}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 3/4 = 0 => x = -3/4
Vậy BMax = 49/8 , đạt được khi x = -3/4
c) C = ( 2 - x )( x + 4 ) = -x2 - 2x + 8 = -( x2 + 2x + 1 ) + 9 = -( x + 1 )2 + 9
\(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 1 = 0 => x = -1
Vậy CMax = 9 , đạt được khi x = -1
d) D = -8x2 + 4xy - y2 + 3 ( Cái này mình đang tính ạ )
C5. a) A = 25x2 - 20x + 7
A = 25x2 - 20x + 4 + 3
A = ( 5x2 - 2 )2 + 3 ≥ 3 > 0 với mọi x ( đpcm )
b) B = 9x2 - 6xy + 2y2 + 1
B = ( 9x2 - 6xy + y2 ) + y2 + 1
B = ( 3x - y )2 + y2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 với mọi x, y ( đpcm )
c) C = x2 - 2x + y2 + 4y + 6
C = ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 + 4y + 4 ) + 1
C = ( x - 1 )2 + ( y + 2 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 với mọi x,y ( đpcm )
d) D = x2 - 2x + 2
D = x2 - 2x + 1 + 1
D = ( x - 1 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 với mọi x ( đpcm )
Bài 1.
a) A = -x2 - 4x - 2 = -( x2 + 4x + 4 ) + 2 = -( x + 2 )2 + 2
\(-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2+2\le2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 2 = 0 => x = -2
=> MaxA = 2 <=> x = -2
b) B = -2x2 - 3x + 5 = -2( x2 + 3/2x + 9/16 ) + 49/8 = -2( x + 3/4 )2 + 49/8
\(-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{49}{8}\le\frac{49}{8}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 3/4 = 0 => x = -3/4
=> MaxB = 49/8 <=> x = -3/4
c) C = ( 2 - x )( x + 4 ) = -x2 - 2x + 8 = -( x2 + 2x + 1 ) + 9 = -( x + 1 )2 + 9
\(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x + 1 = 0 => x = -1
=> MaxC = 9 <=> x = -1
d) D = -8x2 + 4xy - y2 + 3 = -( 4x2 - 4xy + y2 ) - 4x2 + 3 = -( 2x - y )2 - 4x2 + 3
\(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(2x-y\right)^2\le0\forall x,y\\-4x^2\le0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\le3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y=0\\4x=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=0\)
=> MaxD = 3 <=> x = y = 0
Bài 2.
a) A = x2 - 2x + 5 = ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + 4 = ( x - 1 )2 + 4
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 1 = 0 => x = 1
=> MinA = 4 <=> x = 1
b) B = x2 - x + 1 = ( x2 - 2.1/2.x + 1/4 ) + 3/4 = ( x - 1/2 )2 + 3/4
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 1/2 = 0 => x = 1/2
=> MinB = 3/4 <=> x = 1/2
c) C = ( x - 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 3 )( x + 6 )
C = [( x - 1 )( x + 6 )][( x + 2 )( x + 3)]
C = [ x2 + 5x - 6 ][ x2 + 5x + 6 ]
C = [ ( x2 + 5x ) - 6 ][ ( x2 + 5x ) + 6 ]
C = ( x2 + 5x )2 - 36
\(\left(x^2+5x\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(x^2+5x=0\Rightarrow x\left(x+5\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)
=> MinC = -36 <=> x = 0 hoặc x = -5
d) D = x2 + 5y2 - 2xy + 4y + 3
D = ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) + ( 4y2 + 4y + 1 ) + 2
D = ( x - y )2 + ( 2y + 1 )2 + 2
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\\\left(2y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\2y+1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x=y=-\frac{1}{2}\)
=> MinD = 2 <=> x = y = -1/2
a) A= x2 + 4x + 5
=x2+4x+4+1
=(x+2)2+1≥0+1=1
Dấu = khi x+2=0 <=>x=-2
Vậy Amin=1 khi x=-2
b) B= ( x+3 ) ( x-11 ) + 2016
=x2-8x-33+2016
=x2-8x+16+1967
=(x-4)2+1967≥0+1967=1967
Dấu = khi x-4=0 <=>x=4
Vậy Bmin=1967 <=>x=4
Bài 2:
a) D= 5 - 8x - x2
=-(x2+8x-5)
=21-x2+8x+16
=21-x2+4x+4x+16
=21-x(x+4)+4(x+4)
=21-(x+4)(x+4)
=21-(x+4)2≤0+21=21
Dấu = khi x+4=0 <=>x=-4
Bài 1:
c)C=x2+5x+8
=x2+5x+\(\left(\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\)+\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)
=\(\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\)+\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)\(\ge\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{min}=\dfrac{7}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
a) A = -x2 - 4x - 2 = -x2 - 4x - 4 + 2 = -( x2 + 4x + 4 ) + 2 = -( x + 2 )2 + 2
\(-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2+2\le2\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 2 = 0 => x = -2
Vậy AMax = 2 , đạt được khi x = -2
b) -2x2 - 3x + 5 = -2( x2 + 1/5x + 9/16 ) + 49/8 = -2( x + 3/4 )2 + 49/8
\(-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{49}{8}\le\frac{49}{8}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 3/4 = 0 => x = -3/4
Vậy BMax = 49/8 , đạt được khi x = -3/4
c) C = ( 2 - x )( x + 4 ) = -x2 - 2x + 8 = -x2 - 2x - 1 + 9 = -( x2 + 2x + 1 ) + 9 = -( x + 1 )2 + 9
\(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 1 = 0 => x = -1
Vậy CMax = 9, đạt được khi x = -1
d) D = 5 - 8x - x2 = -x2 - 8x - 16 + 21 = -( x2 + 8x + 16 ) + 21 = -( x + 4 )2 + 21
\(-\left(x+4\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 4 = 0 => x = -4
Vậy DMax = 21 , đạt được khi x = -4
e) E = -3x( x + 3 ) - 7 = -3x2 - 9x - 7 = -3( x2 + 3x + 9/4 ) - 1/4 = -3( x + 3/2 )2 - 1/4
\(-3\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-3\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\le-\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 3/2 = 0 => x = -3/2
Vậy EMax = -1/4 , đạt được khi x = -3/2
2. Ta có: A = x2 - 6x + 5 = (x2 - 6x + 9) - 4 = (x - 3)2 - 4
Ta luôn có: (x - 3)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> (x - 3)2 - 4 \(\ge\)-4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3 = 0 <=> x = 3
Vậy MinA = -4 tại x = 3
Ta có: B = 4x2 - 8x + 7 = 4(x2 - 2x + 1) + 3 = 4(x - 1)2 + 3
Ta luôn có: 4(x - 1)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> 4(x - 1)2 + 3 \(\ge\)3 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 1 = 0 <=> x = 1
vậy MinB = 3 tại x = 1
Ta có: C = 2x2 + 4x - 6 = 2(x2 + 2x + 1) - 8 = 2(x + 1)2 - 8
Ta luôn có: 2(x + 1)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> 2(x + 1)2 - 8 \(\ge\)-8 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 1 = 0 <=> x = -1
Vậy MinC = -8 tại x = -1
1/
\(A=x^2-6x+5\)
\(A=x^2-2\cdot3x+3^2-3^2+5\)
\(A=\left(x-3\right)^2-3^2+5\)
\(A=\left(x-3\right)^2-9+5\)
\(A=\left(x-3\right)^2-4\)
mà \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
\(\Rightarrow GTNNA\left(x^2-6x+5\right)=-4\)
với \(\left(x-3\right)^2=0;x=3\)
\(B=4x^2-8x+7\)
\(B=4\left(x^2-2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)\)
\(B=4\left(x^2-2\cdot1x+1-1+\frac{7}{4}\right)\)
\(B=4\left(x-1\right)^2+3\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow4\left(x^2-1\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow GTNNB=3\)
với \(\left(x-1\right)^2=0;x=1\)
\(C=2x^2+4x-6\)
\(C=2\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\)
\(C=2\left(x^2+2\cdot1x+1-1-3\right)\)
\(C=\left(x+1\right)^2-8\)
có\(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(\Rightarrow GTNNC=-8\)
với \(\left(x+1\right)^2=0;x=-1\)
2.
c) \(C=2x^2+4x-6=2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8\)
\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\forall x\)
Dấu"=" xảy ra<=> \(2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
3.
c) \(C=-3x^2-6x+9=-3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+12\)
\(=-3\left(x+1\right)^2+12\le12\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra<=> \(-3\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(2,GTNN\)
\(A=x^2-6x+5=x^2+6x+9-4\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
\(A_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-3\)
\(B=4x^2-8x+7=4\left(x^2-2x+\frac{7}{4}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2-2x+1+\frac{3}{4}\right)=4\left(x-1\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(C=2x^2+4x-6=2\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1-4\right)=2\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{min}=-8\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
\(3,GTLN\)
\(A=-x^2+2x-3=-\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2x+1-4\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+4\le4\)
\(A_{max}=4\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(B=-9x^2+6x-4=-\left[9x^2-6x+4\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(3x\right)^2-6x+1+3\right]=-\left(3x-1\right)^2-3\)
\(B_{max}=-3\Leftrightarrow-\left(3x-1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(C=-3x^2-6x+9=-3\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x^2+2x+1-4\right)=-3\left(x+1\right)^2+12\)
\(C_{max}=12\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
Câu 2:
a: \(A=4\left(x^2+\dfrac{7}{4}x+\dfrac{13}{4}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{7}{8}+\dfrac{49}{64}+\dfrac{159}{64}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x+\dfrac{7}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{159}{16}>=\dfrac{159}{16}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-7/8
b: \(B=x^2-8x+16-11=\left(x-4\right)^2-11>=-11\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=4