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a ) \(x^2-x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN là \(\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
Bài làm:
a) \(P=x^2-5x=\left(x^2-5x+\frac{25}{4}\right)-\frac{25}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2-\frac{25}{4}\le-\frac{25}{4}\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_P=-\frac{25}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)
a) P = x2 - 5x
= ( x2 - 5x + 25/4 ) - 25/4
= ( x - 5/2 )2 - 25/4
( x - 5/2 )2 ≥ 0 ∀ x => ( x - 5/2 )2 - 25/4 ≥ -25/4
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 5/2 = 0 => x = 5/2
=> MinF = -25/4 <=> x = 5/2
b) Q = x2 + 2y2 + 2xy - 2x - 6y + 2015
= ( x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4y + 4 ) + 2010
= [ ( x + y )2 - 2( x + y ) + 12 ] + ( y - 2 )2 + 2010
= ( x + y - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 2010
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2010\ge2010\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y=2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
=> MinQ = 2010 <=> x = -1 , y = 2
2a) \(4x^2-1=\left(2x\right)^2-1^2=\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2+16x+64=\left(x+8\right)^2\)
c) \(x^3-8y^3=x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)\)
d) \(9x^2-12xy+4y^2=\left(3x-2y\right)^2\)
\(P=-5x^2-2xy-2y^2+14x+10y-1\)
\(=-\left(4x^2-8x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-\left(x^2+y^2+2xy-6x-6y+9\right)+16\)
\(=-4\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2-\left(x+y-3\right)^2+16\le16\)
Dấu \(=\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-2=0\\x+y-3=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\).
Answer:
\(B=-5x^2-5y^2+8x-6y-1\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(-5x^2+8x-\frac{16}{5}\right)+\left(-5y^2-6y-\frac{9}{5}\right)+4\)
\(\Rightarrow B=-5\left(x-\frac{4}{5}\right)^2-5\left(y+\frac{3}{5}\right)^2+4\)
Có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{4}{5}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow-5\left(x-\frac{4}{5}\right)^2\le0\\\left(y+\frac{3}{5}\right)^2\ge0\forall y\Rightarrow-5\left(y+\frac{3}{5}\right)^2\le0\end{cases}}\)
Do vậy:
\(-5\left(x-\frac{4}{5}\right)^2-5\left(y+\frac{3}{5}\right)^2+4\le4\forall x;y\) hay \(B\le4\)
Vậy "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{4}{5}=0\\y+\frac{3}{5}=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{4}{5}\\y=\frac{-3}{5}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(B=4\) khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{4}{5}\\y=\frac{-3}{5}\end{cases}}\)
\(C=-5x^2-2xy-2y^2+14x+10y-1\)
\(\Rightarrow5C=\left(-25x^2-10xy-y^2+70x+14y-49\right)+\left(-9y^2+36y-36\right)+80\)
\(\Rightarrow5C=-\left(5x+y-7\right)^2-9\left(y-2\right)^2+80\)
\(\Rightarrow C=-\frac{1}{5}\left(5x+y-7\right)^2-\frac{9}{2}\left(y-2\right)^2+16\)
Có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(5x+y-7\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{5}\left(5x+y-7\right)^2\le0\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\Rightarrow-\frac{9}{5}\left(y-2\right)^2\le0\end{cases}}\)
Do vậy:
\(-\frac{1}{5}\left(5x+y-7\right)^2-\frac{9}{5}\left(y-2\right)^2+16\le16\) hay \(C\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}5x+y-7=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(C=16\) khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)