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\(1\))\(x^2+5x+8=3\sqrt{x^3+5x^2+7x+6}\left(1\right)\\ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{3}{2} \\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+8=3\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)}\left(2\right)\)
Đặt \(b=\sqrt{2x+3};a=\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-2b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{7\pm\sqrt{89}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4)\(ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(x^2-7x+2+2\sqrt{3x+1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-7x+6+2\sqrt{3x+1}-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-6\right)+\dfrac{12\left(x-1\right)}{2\sqrt{3x+1}+4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-6+\dfrac{12}{2\sqrt{3x+1}+4}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x-6+\dfrac{12}{2\sqrt{3x+1}+4}=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)+\dfrac{4-\sqrt{3x+1}}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)-\dfrac{3\left(x-5\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(1-\dfrac{3}{\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\\left(1-\dfrac{3}{\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\right)=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)=3\\ \Leftrightarrow3x+1+6\sqrt{3x+1}+8=3\\ \Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{3x+1}+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{3x+1}=-x-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\le-2\)
Vậy pt có 2 nghiệm là x=1 và x=5
đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=t\left(t\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}}\right)tacó\)
pt \(\Leftrightarrow\)3t=t\(^2\)+2
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\left(tm\right)\\t=2\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với t=1 ta có x\(^2\)+x+1=1 \(\Leftrightarrow\)x=0 hoặc x=-1
với t=2 ta có x\(^2\)+x+1 =2 \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{-1\mp\sqrt{5}}{2}\)=x
câu 2 tương tự đặt 2x^2+x-2=t(t\(\ge\dfrac{-17}{8}\))
ta có pt \(\Leftrightarrow\)t^2+5t-6=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\left(tm\right)\\t=-6\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
với t=1 thì 2x^2+x-2=1 \(\Leftrightarrow\)t=1 hoặc -3/2
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4-6x+3-2\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{2x-1}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-3\left(2x-1\right)-2\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{2x-1}>0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=a\\\sqrt{2x-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-3b^2-2ab>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-3b\right)>0\)
Do \(b\ge0\) nên BPT\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a>3b\\a< -b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2>3\sqrt{2x-1}\\x-2< -\sqrt{2x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2>3\sqrt{2x-1}\\2-x>\sqrt{2x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x+4>9\left(2x-1\right)\left(với.x\ge2\right)\\x^2-4x+4>2x-1\left(với.x< 2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-22x+13>0\\x^2-6x+5>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>11+6\sqrt{3}\\\frac{1}{2}\le x< 1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
Đk:\(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x-1}=t\Rightarrow2x=t^2+1\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(t^2+1\right)^2-8\left(t^2+4\right)t=7-22\left(t^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^4-8t^3+24t^2-32t+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)^4=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1=4\Leftrightarrow2x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\) (thỏa mãn)
Bài 2:
Cộng 2 vế với \(7x^2+23x+12\) ta được:
\(\left(x+2\right)^3+\left(x+2\right)=\left(7x^2+23x+12\right)+\sqrt[3]{7x^2+23x+12}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^3=7x^2+23x+12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+6x^2+12x+8=7x^2+23x+12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2+3x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=\frac{\sqrt{5}-3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-3\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+2}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+3}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-x-5=2a^2-3b^2\\2x^2+x+1=2a^2-b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a^2-3b^2\right)a+\left(2a^2-b^2\right)b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^3+2a^2b-3ab^2-b^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a^2+4ab+b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+2=x+3\Leftrightarrow x^2=1\)
\(\sqrt{6x^2-12x+7}=x^2-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{6x^2-12x+7}=\dfrac{6x^2-12x+7-7}{6}\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{6x^2-12x+7}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{t^2}{6}-\dfrac{7}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-6t-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=7\left(TM\right)\\t=-1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
t=7\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{6x^2-12x+7}=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2-12x+7=49\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1+2\sqrt{2}\left(TM\right)\\x=1-2\sqrt{2}\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}=2x^2-8x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}=2\left(x^2-4x+5\right)-10\)(1)
đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}\) (t\(\ge\)0)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t=2t^2-10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-2\left(loại\right)\\t=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4+\sqrt{21}}{2}\left(TM\right)\\x=\dfrac{4-\sqrt{21}}{2}\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{5x^2+10x+1}=-\frac{1}{5}\left(5x^2+10x+1\right)+\frac{36}{5}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{5x^2+10x+1}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow t=-\frac{1}{5}t^2+\frac{36}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-t^2+36-5t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow t=4\left(tm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+10x+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)