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Dùng hằng đẳng thức thứ 2:
A= [(x+y+z)-(x+y)]2=z2
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Áp dụng HĐT thứ 2: (A - B)2 = A2 - 2AB + B2, ta có:
(x + y + z)2 - 2(x + y + z)(x + y) + (x + y)2 = [(x + y + z) - (x + y)]2
= z2
\(a,\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)\(b,2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2=2x^2-2y^2+x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2=3x^2\)\(c,\left(x-y+z\right)^2+\left(z-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)=\left[\left(x-y+z\right)-\left(z-y\right)\right]^2=\left(x-2y\right)^2\)
a) \(\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\)
=\(\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
=\(x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2\)
\(2x^2+2y^2=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
b) \(2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2\)
=\(\left[\left(x-y\right)+\left(x+y\right)\right]^2\)
= \(\left(x-y+x+y\right)^2\)
\(=2x^2\)
c) \(\left(x-y+z\right)^2+\left(z-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y+z\right)^2-2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(z-y\right)+\left(z-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(x-y+z\right)-\left(z-y\right)\right]^2\)
= \(\left(x-y+z-z+y\right)^2=x^2\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\left(x-y+z\right)^2+\left(z-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y+z\right)^2+2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\)(hằng đẳng thức đầu)
\(=\left(x-y+z+y-z\right)^2=x^2\)
\(\left(x-y+z\right)^2+\left(z-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y+z\right)^2+2\left(x-y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(x-y+z\right)+\left(y-z\right)\right]^2=\left(x-y+z+y-z\right)^2=x^2\)
\(A=\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2+x^2-y^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2-z^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{y^2+\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y^2}{z^2+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^2}{x^2+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\x+z=-y\end{cases}\left(2\right)}\)
Lại vì \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}z-x=-2x-y\\x-y=-2y-z\\y-z=-x-2z\end{cases}\left(3\right)}\)
Thay (2) và (3) vào (1) ta được:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{y^2+y^2+2xy}+\frac{y^2}{z^2+z^2+2yz}+\frac{z^2}{x^2+x^2+2xz}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2y\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^2}{2z\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^2}{2x\left(x+z\right)}\left(4\right)\)
Thay (2) vào (4) ta được:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{-2yz}+\frac{y^2}{-2zx}+\frac{z^2}{-2xy}\)
\(=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{-2xyz}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)}{-2xyz}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xyz}{-2xyz}\)
\(=\frac{-3xyz}{-2xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy ...
a)2(x - y)(x + y) + (x + y)2+ (x - y)2
=2.x2-y2 +x2+2xy+y2+x2-2xy+y2
=(2x2+x2+x2)+(-y2+y2+y2)+(2xy-2xy)
=4x2+y2
b)(x - y + z)2+ (z - y)2+ 2(x - y + z)(y - z)
=x2-y2+z2+z2-2zy+y2+2x-2y2+2z2
=(-y2+y2-2y2 ) +(z2+z2+2z2) +x2-2zy+2x
=-2y2 +4z2+x2-2xy +2x