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PTHH: \(Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\)
Đặt \(n_{Fe\left(phản.ứng\right)}=x\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu\left(tạo.ra\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow64x-56x=0,8\) \(\Rightarrow x=0,1\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(phản.ứng\right)}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu\left(tạo.ra\right)}=0,1\cdot64=6,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{H_2 SO_4} = 0,5.2 = 1(mol)$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Zn} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{ZnSO_4} = 0,2.161=32,2(gam)$
$m_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = 0,2.98 = 19,6(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 1 - 0,2 = 0,8(mol)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,8}{0,5} = 1,6M$
$C_{M_{FeSO_4}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,5} = 0,4M$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ a.Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{1}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=161.0,2=32,2\left(g\right)\\ b.V_{ddsau}=V_{ddH_2SO_4}=0,5\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1-0,2}{0,5}=1,6\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{25.1,12.15}{160.100}=0,02625mol\)
Fe+CuSO4\(\rightarrow\)FeSO4+Cu
x\(\rightarrow\)x.................x.........x
-Độ tăng khối lượng=64x-56x=2,58-2,5
\(\rightarrow\)8x=0,08\(\rightarrow\)x=0,01
mCu=n.M=0,01.64=0,64gam
\(n_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,02625-0,01=0,01625mol\)
\(m_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,01625.160=2,6gam\)
\(n_{FeSO_4}=0,01mol\rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,01.152=1,52gam\)
\(m_{dd}=25.1,12-0,08=27,92gam\)
C%FeSO4=\(\dfrac{1,52.100}{27,92}\approx5,44\%\)
C%CuSO4=\(\dfrac{2,6.100}{27,92}\approx9,3\%\)
Gọi \(n_{Zn\left(pư\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + CuCl2 ---> Cu + ZnCl2
a a a
mgiảm = mZn (tan ra) - mCu (bám vào) = 65a - 64a = 0,0075
=> a = 0,0075 (mol)
=> mZn (pư) = 0,0075.65 = 0,4875 (g)
\(C_{MCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,0075}{0,02}=0,375M\)
C% thì thiếu dCuCl2 nha
Gợi ý: \(C\%=C_M.\dfrac{M}{10.D}\left(D:\dfrac{g}{cm^3}hay\dfrac{g}{ml}\right)\)
Gọi \(n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng giảm 0,0075g.
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}-m_{Cu}=0,0075\Rightarrow65x-64x=0,0075g\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0,0075\)
\(Zn+CuCl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}ZnCl_2+Cu\)
0,0075 0,0075
\(m_{Zn}=0,0075\cdot65=0,4875g\)
\(C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,0075}{0,02}=0,375M\)
\(a.Zn+CuSO_4->ZnSO_4+Cu\)
b. m Zn giảm vì sau phản ứng tạo Cu (M = 64), M(Cu) < M(Zn) = 65 nên khối lượng lá Zn tăng.
\(m_{Zn\left(Pư\right)}=65x\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu}=64x\left(g\right)\\c.\Delta m_{rắn}=25-24,96=65x-64x\\ x=0,04mol\\ m_{Zn\left(Pư\right)}=65x=2,6g< 25g\Rightarrow Zn:hết\\d. n_{CuSO_4}=160x=6,4g\)
a. PTHH: 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
b. Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{58,5}{78}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,75}{2}>\dfrac{0,5}{3}\)
Vậy \(Al\left(OH\right)_3\) dư.
\(m_{dư}=0,75.78-98.0,5=9,5\left(g\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,5=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}.342=57\left(g\right)\)