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Giải quyết bằng toán này bằng cách đặt ẩn phụ.
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Đặt \(a+b=m\) \(;\) \(a-b=n\) thì \(4ab=\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\) , tức là \(4ab=m^2-n^2\) và \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+ab\right]=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+ab\right]\) ,
tức là \(a^3+b^3=m\left(n^2+\frac{m^2-n^2}{4}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(A=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-12abc\)
\(=\left(m+c\right)^3-4\left[m\left(n^2+\frac{m^2-n^2}{4}\right)+c^3\right]-3c\left(m^2-n^2\right)\)
\(=m^3+3m^2c+3mc^2+c^3-4mn^2-m^3+mn^2-4c^3-3m^2c+3n^2c\)
\(=3mc^2-3c^3-3mn^2+3n^2c\)
\(=3\left(mc^2-c^3-mn^2+n^2c\right)\)
\(=3\left[c^2\left(m-c\right)-n^2\left(m-c\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(m-c\right)\left(c^2-n^2\right)=3\left(m-c\right)\left(c-n\right)\left(c+n\right)\)
Do đó, \(A=3\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c-a+b\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
1) \(\left(x^2-9\right)^2+12x\left(x-3\right)^2=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x+3\right)^2+12x\left(x-3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\left[\left(x+3\right)^2+12x\right]=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x^2+6x+9+12x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x^2+18x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\left[\left(x+9\right)^2-72\right]\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x+9-\sqrt{72}\right)\left(x+9+\sqrt{72}\right)\)
2) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3=\left(a+b\right)^3+3c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+c^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+3c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left[ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
a)\(x^3+x+2=x^3+1+x+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+2\right)\)
b)\(x^3+3x^2-4=x^3-1+3x^2-3\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+3\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left[x^2+x+1+3x+3\right]\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(\text{a) }x^3y^3+x^2y^2+4\)
\(=x^3y^3+2x^2y^2-x^2y^2+4\)
\(=\left(x^3y^3+2x^2y^2\right)-\left(x^2y^2-4\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2\left(xy+2\right)-\left(xy+2\right)\left(xy-2\right)\)
\(=\left(xy+2\right)\left(x^2y^2-xy+2\right)\)
\( {c)}\)\(x^4+x^3+6x^2+5x+5\)
\(=\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)+\left(5x^2+5x+5\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+5\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+5\right)\)
\({d)}\)\(x^4-2x^3-12x^2+12x+36\)
\(=\left(x^4-2x^3-6x^2\right)-\left(6x^2-12x-36\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-2x-6\right)-6\left(x^2-2x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x-6\right)\left(x^2-6\right)\)
Câu b sai đề thì phải ah
a, x4 . 1 - 2 . 3 . x3 + 3 . 4 . x3 - 2 . 7 . x + 3
= bó tay
a: \(=x^3-3x^2-9x^2+27x+20x-60\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-9x+20\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
b: \(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)-4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-12abc\)
\(=-3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)-12abc\)
\(=-3\left[a^3+b^3+c^3-\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)+4abc\right]\)