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Giải quyết bằng toán này bằng cách đặt ẩn phụ.
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Đặt \(a+b=m\) \(;\) \(a-b=n\) thì \(4ab=\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\) , tức là \(4ab=m^2-n^2\) và \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+ab\right]=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+ab\right]\) ,
tức là \(a^3+b^3=m\left(n^2+\frac{m^2-n^2}{4}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(A=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-12abc\)
\(=\left(m+c\right)^3-4\left[m\left(n^2+\frac{m^2-n^2}{4}\right)+c^3\right]-3c\left(m^2-n^2\right)\)
\(=m^3+3m^2c+3mc^2+c^3-4mn^2-m^3+mn^2-4c^3-3m^2c+3n^2c\)
\(=3mc^2-3c^3-3mn^2+3n^2c\)
\(=3\left(mc^2-c^3-mn^2+n^2c\right)\)
\(=3\left[c^2\left(m-c\right)-n^2\left(m-c\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(m-c\right)\left(c^2-n^2\right)=3\left(m-c\right)\left(c-n\right)\left(c+n\right)\)
Do đó, \(A=3\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c-a+b\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(x^2-y^2+4x+4\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+2+y\right)\left(x+2-y\right)\)
\(4x^2-y^2+8\left(y-2\right)\)
\(=4x^2-\left(y^2-8y+16\right)\)
\(=4x^2-\left(y-4\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x+y-4\right)\left(2x-y+4\right)\)
b: \(=\left(x^2+4x-3\right)^2-2x\left(x^2+4x-3\right)-3x\left(x^2+4x-3\right)+6x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x-3\right)\left(x^2+4x-3-2x\right)-3x\left(x^2+4x-3-2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\left(x^2+4x-3-3x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
c: \(=a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3+b^3-3b^2c+3bc^2-c^3+\left(c-a\right)^3\)
\(=a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-3b^2c+3bc^2-c^3+c^3-3a^2c+3ac^2-a^3\)
\(=-3a^2b+3ab^2-3b^2c+3bc^2-3a^2c+3ac^2\)
\(=-3\left(a^2b-ab^2+b^2c-bc^2+a^2c-ac^2\right)\)
a)x2+2xy+y2-x-y-12
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)-12\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\) ta có:
\(t^2-t-12=t^2+3t-4t-12\)
\(=t\left(t+3\right)-4\left(t+3\right)\)
\(=\left(t-4\right)\left(t+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-4\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)
Câu hỏi của Access_123 - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left[\left(c^3-b^3\right)-\left(a^3-b^3\right)\right]+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(a^3-b^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(b^3-c^3\right)\left(a-b\right)-\left(a^3-b^3\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2+ac+c^2\right)\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2+ac+c^2-a^2-ab-b^2\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=m\\a-b=n\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow4ab=m^2-n^2\)
Ta có:
\(A=\left(m+c\right)^3-4.\dfrac{m^3+3mn^2}{4}-4c^3-3c\left(m^2-n^2\right)\)
\(=3.\left(-c^3+mc^2-mn^2+cn^2\right)\)
\(=3.\left(m-c\right).\left(c+n\right).\left(c-n\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=3.\left(a+b-c\right).\left(c+a-b\right).\left(c-a+b\right)\)