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2. \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}-16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x+3}=\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{x-3}}\) (2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}-16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x+3}-\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{x-3}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}-16+\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}-7}{\sqrt{x-3}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2}-16+\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|-16+\sqrt{x^2-9}-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|-23+\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-9}=-\left|x\right|+23\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=-\left(-\left|x\right|+23\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=-\left(-\left|x\right|\right)^2-46\cdot\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=\left|x\right|^2-46+\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=x^2-46\cdot\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-9=-46\cdot\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow46\cdot\left|x\right|=529+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49\cdot\left|x\right|=538\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|=\dfrac{269}{23}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{269}{23}\\x=-\dfrac{269}{23}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Sau khi dùng phép thử ta nhận thấy \(x\ne-\dfrac{269}{23}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình (1) là \(S=\left\{\dfrac{269}{23}\right\}\)
3. sửa đề: \(\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{x-4}\sqrt{x-1}\) (3)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{x^2-x-4x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow14-x=x^2-5x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow14-x-x^2+5x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10+4x-x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+4x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-\left(-4\right)\pm\sqrt{\left(-4\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-10\right)}}{2\cdot1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{16+40}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{56}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm2\sqrt{14}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{14}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{14}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2+\sqrt{14}\\x=2-\sqrt{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)
sau khi dùng phép thử ta nhận thấy \(x\ne2-\sqrt{14}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình (3) là \(S=\left\{2+\sqrt{14}\right\}\)
\(Dat:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{x+1}=a\\\sqrt[3]{x+2}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b=1+ab\Rightarrow ab-a-b+1=a\left(b-1\right)-\left(b-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt[3]{x^2}-8\sqrt[3]{x}=20\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-8t=20\Leftrightarrow t^2-8t-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+2\right)\left(t-10\right)=0\)
\(\orbr{\begin{cases}t=-2\\t=10\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt[3]{x}=-2\\\sqrt[3]{x}=10\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-8\\x=1000\end{cases}}\)
Giải pt
a.\(\sqrt[3]{1-x}+\sqrt{x+2}=1\)
b.\(\sqrt[3]{7x+1}-\sqrt[3]{x^2-x-8}+\sqrt[3]{x^2-8x-1}=2\)
Câu a)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \sqrt[3]{1-x}=a\\ \sqrt{x+2}=b\end{matrix}\right.\). Khi đó ta thu được hệ sau:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b=1\\ a^3+b^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} b=1-a\\ a^3+b^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+(1-a)^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+a^2-2a-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2(a+1)-2(a+1)=0\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(a^2-2)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=-1\\ a=\pm \sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=2\\ x=1-\sqrt{8}\\ x=1+\sqrt{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thử lại thấy $x=2$ và $x=1+\sqrt{8}$ thỏa mãn.
Câu b)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \sqrt[3]{x^2-x-8}=a\\ \sqrt[3]{x^2-8x-1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^3-b^3=7x-7\)
PT trở thành:
\(\sqrt[3]{a^3-b^3+8}-a+b=2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{a^3-b^3+8}=a-b+2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3+8=(a-b+2)^3=a^3-b^3+8+3(a-b)(a+2)(-b+2)\)
(áp dụng công thức \((a+b+c)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\) )
\(\Rightarrow (a-b)(a+2)(-b+2)=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=b\\ a=-2\\ b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(a=b\Rightarrow x^2-x-8=x^2-8x-1\Rightarrow 7x-7=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
Nếu \(a=-2\Rightarrow x^2-x-8=-8\Rightarrow x^2-x=0\Rightarrow x=0; x=1\)
Nếu $b=2$ thì \(x^2-8x-1=8\Rightarrow x^2-8x-9=0\Rightarrow x=9; x=-1\)
Thử lại.............
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(\left|x\right|\ge1\)
- Với \(x\le-1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+6}>0\\x-2\sqrt{x^2-1}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) pt vô nghiệm
- Với \(x>1\) ta luôn có \(\sqrt{x^2+6}>x\) (dễ dàng chứng minh bằng cách bình phương 2 vế)
Mà \(x>x-2\sqrt{x^2-1}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+6}>x-2\sqrt{x^2-1}\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm
Bạn có nhầm đề ko?
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\sqrt[3]{2-x}+\sqrt{x-1}=1\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{2-x}=a\\\sqrt{x-1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\a^3+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1-a\\a^3+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^3+\left(1-a\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+a^2-2a=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+2\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\a=1\\a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{2-x}=0\\\sqrt[3]{2-x}=1\\\sqrt[3]{2-x}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=1\\x=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{x+1}=a\\\sqrt[3]{x-1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3-b^3=2\\a^2+b^2+ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=2\\a^2+b^2+ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\Rightarrow a=b+2\\a^2+b^2+ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(b+2\right)^2+b^2+\left(b+2\right)b-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3b^2+6b+3=0\Rightarrow3\left(b+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow b=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{x-1}=-1\Rightarrow x=0\)
\(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{x+1}=\sqrt[3]{x}+\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{x^2}-1+\sqrt[3]{x+1}-\sqrt[3]{2}=\sqrt[3]{x}-1+\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}-\sqrt[3]{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-1}{\sqrt[3]{x^2}^2+\sqrt[3]{x^2}+1}+\frac{x+1-2}{\sqrt[3]{x+1}^2+\sqrt[3]{x+1}\sqrt[3]{2}+\sqrt[3]{2}^2}=\frac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{x}^2+\sqrt[3]{x}+1}+\frac{x^2+x-2}{\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}^2+\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}\sqrt[3]{2}+\sqrt[3]{2}^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{x^2}^2+\sqrt[3]{x^2}+1}+\frac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{x+1}^2+\sqrt[3]{x+1}\sqrt[3]{2}+\sqrt[3]{2}^2}-\frac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{x}^2+\sqrt[3]{x}+1}-\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}^2+\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}\sqrt[3]{2}+\sqrt[3]{2}^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(\frac{x+1}{\sqrt[3]{x^2}^2+\sqrt[3]{x^2}+1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{x+1}^2+\sqrt[3]{x+1}\sqrt[3]{2}+\sqrt[3]{2}^2}-\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{x}^2+\sqrt[3]{x}+1}-\frac{x+2}{\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}^2+\sqrt[3]{x^2+x}\sqrt[3]{2}+\sqrt[3]{2}^2}\right)=0\)
Suy ra x=1. pt kia chịu :v nghiệm lẻ quá
Thắng Nguyễn đúng là thánh troll
đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=a;\sqrt[3]{x+1}=b\)
pt trở thành:
a2+b=a+ab
<=>a(a-1)-b(a-1)=0
<=>(a-b)(a-1)=0
từ đó thay vào rồi giải tìm x