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a. \(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2mol\)
\(V_{O_2}=V_{kk}.\frac{1}{5}=\frac{18,48}{5}=3,696l\)
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{3,696}{22,4}=0,165mol\)
PTHH: \(4P+5O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
Tỷ lệ \(\frac{0,2}{4}>\frac{0,165}{5}\)
Vậy P dư
\(n_{P\left(\text{phản ứng }\right)}=\frac{4}{5}n_{O_2}=0,132mol\)
\(n_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,132=0,068mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,068.31=2,108g\)
b. \(n_{P_2O_5}=\frac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,066mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,066.142=9,372g\)
c. PTHH: \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(n_{KClO_3}=\frac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,11mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,11.122,5=13,475g\)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1:
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ===> FeCl2 + H2
a/ nFe = 11,2 / 56 = 0,2 mol
=> nH2 = 0,2 mol
=> VH2(đktc) = 0,2 x 22,4 = 4,48 lít
b/ => nHCl = 0,2 x 2 = 0,4 mol
=> mHCl = 0,4 x 36,5 = 14,6 gam
c/ => nFeCl2 = 0,2 mol
=> mFeCl2 = 0,2 x 127 = 25,4 gam
Câu 3/
a/ Chất tham gia: S, O2
Chất tạo thành: SO2
Đơn chất: S, O2 vì những chất này chỉ do 1 nguyên tố tạo nên
Hợp chất: SO2 vì chất này do 2 nguyên tố S và O tạo tên
b/ PTHH: S + O2 =(nhiệt)==> SO2
=> nO2 = 1,5 mol
=> VO2(đktc) = 1,5 x 22,4 = 33,6 lít
c/ Khí sunfuro nặng hơn không khí
Ta có:
nP= \(\frac{m_P}{M_P}=\frac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:4 P + 5O2 -> 2P2O5
a) Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(n=\frac{5.n_P}{4}=\frac{5.0,4}{4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
b) Ta có:
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\frac{2.n_P}{4}=\frac{2.0,4}{4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{P_2O_5}=n_{P_2O_5}.M_{P_2O_5}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: 4P + 5O2 =(nhiệt)=> 2P2O5
nP = 12,4 / 31 = 0,4 mol
=> nO2 = 0,5 (mol)
=> VO2(đktc) = 0,5 x 22,4 = 11,2 lít
b) nP2O5 = \(\frac{1}{2}n_P=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> VP2O5(đktc) = 0,2 x 22,4 = 4,48 lít
4P+5O2-to>2P2O5
0,04----0,05----0,02
n P=0,04 mol
=>m P2O5=0,02.142=2,84g
=>VO2=0,05.22,4=1,12l
c)
2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,1----------------------------------------0,05
H=10%
m KMnO4=0,1.158.110%=17,28g
\(n_P=\dfrac{1,24}{31}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{T^O}2P_2O_5\)
0,04 0,05 0,02
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{P_2O_5}=0,02.142=2,84\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pthh:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,1 0,05
=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=0,1.158=15,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{KMnO_4\left(d\text{ùng}\right)}=15,8.110\%=17,38\left(g\right)\)
\(2Zn+O2-->2ZnO\)
a)\(n_{Zn}=\frac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b)\(2KMnO4-->K2MnO4+MnO2+O2\)
\(n_{KMnO4}=2n_{O2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KMnO4}=0,4.158=63,2\left(g\right)\)
c)Do phản ứng bị hao hụt 5%
==>\(m_{KMnO4}=63,2-63,2.5\%=60,04\left(g\right)\)
\(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2->2P_2O_5\) (1)
vì \(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\) => \(O_2\) dư
theo(1) \(n_{P_2O_5}=\frac{1}{2}n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
a) \(4P+5O2-->2P2O5\)
b) \(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O2}=\frac{5}{4}n_P=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c) \(2KClO3-->2KCl+3O2\)
Do lương O2 bị hao hụt 15 %
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=0,25.75\%=0,1875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KClO3}=\frac{2}{3}n_{O2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KClO3}=0,125.122,5=15,3125\left(g\right)_{ }\)
a, \(4P+5O_2\rightarrow2P_2O_5\)
b, \(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{0,2.5}{4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c, \(2KClO_3\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO3}=\frac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO3}=\frac{122,5}{6}:85\%=24,02\left(g\right)\)