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#)Giải :
a) Để C/m a và b là hai số đối nhau => a + b = 0
Ta có : \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2=a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-a^2-2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0a\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}\forall a;b;c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Rightarrow}a=b=c}\)
Vậy \(a=b=c\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
<=>\(a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4ac-4bc\)
<=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)\(=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4ac-4bc\)
<=>\(0=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)
<=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)<=> a-b=b-c=c-a <=> a=b=c
vế phải= \(2\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)\)
=\(2\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\right]\)
=\(2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)
=>\(\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]-2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-bc-ca\right)\)
⇔ \(a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ac-4bc-4ca\)
⇔ \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ac-2bc-2ca=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ac-4bc-4ca\)
⇔ \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ac-2bc-2ca=0\)
⇔ \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\forall a,b,c\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(a=b=c\)
⇒ \(ĐPCM\)
Từ giả thiết của bài toán, ta biến đổi như sau:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\le2\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với
\(A=\frac{ab+1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{bc+1}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{ac+1}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2ab+2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{2bc+2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{2ac+2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge6\)
Áp dụng giả thiết ta được
\(\frac{2ab+2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{2ab+2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{2ac+2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge\text{∑}\frac{2ab+a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=1+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+1+\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+c^2\right)}+1+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+b\right)^2}\)
\(=3+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+b\right)^2}\ge\)
\(3+\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}}=3+3=6\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=13√.■
a. \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b\) (đpcm)
b. \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2a-2b-2c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-1\right)^2;\left(b-1\right)^2;\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=\left(b-1\right)^2=\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-1=b-1=c-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
c. \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Tương tự câu b ta có a = b = c