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1/
\(M=3x^2-4x+3=3\left(x^2-\frac{4}{3}x+1\right)=3\left(x^2-2x\cdot\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{9}\right)+\frac{5}{3}=3\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)^2+\frac{5}{3}\ge\frac{5}{3}>0\)
\(N=5x^2-10x+2018=5\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+2013=5\left(x-1\right)^2+2013\ge2013>0\)
\(P=x^2+2y^2-2xy+4y+7=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+3=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3\ge3>0\)
2/
\(A=10x-6x^2+7=-6x^2+10x+7=-6\left(x^2-\frac{10}{6}x+\frac{25}{36}\right)-\frac{11}{6}=-6\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{11}{6}\le-\frac{11}{6}< 0\)
\(B=-3x^2+7x+10=-3\left(x^2-\frac{7}{3}x+\frac{49}{36}\right)-\frac{311}{12}=-3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2-\frac{311}{12}\le-\frac{311}{12}< 0\)
\(C=2x-2x^2-y^2+2xy-5=\left(2x-x^2-1\right)-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2-4\)\(\le-4< 0\)
a : x2 + 4x + 7 = (x + 2)2 + 3 > 0
b : 4x2 - 4x + 5 = (2x - 1)2 + 4 > 0
c : x2 + 2y2 + 2xy - 2y + 3 = (x + y)2 + (y - 1)2 + 2 > 0
d : 2x2 - 4x + 10 = 2(x - 1)2 + 8 > 0
e : x2 + x + 1 = (x + 0,5)2 + 0,75 > 0
f : 2x2 - 6x + 5 = 2(x - 1,5)2 + 0,5 > 0
a)
\(=x^2+2.1,5x+1.5^2+0,75\)
\(=\left(x+1.5\right)^2+0,75\)
Vì (x+1.5)^2 luôn dương và 0,75 dương nên biểu thức luôn dương
b)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
Lập luận tương tự câu a), được biểu thức luôn dương
c)
\(=x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+1\)
Lập luận tương tự
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=-x^2-4x-2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+4-2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+2\le2\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2
b) Ta có: \(B=-2x^2-3x+5\)
\(=-2\left(x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{49}{16}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{8}\le\dfrac{49}{8}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
c) Ta có: \(C=\left(2-x\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=2x+8-x^2-4x\)
\(=-x^2-2x+8\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x-8\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x+1-9\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1
Bài 2:
a) Ta có: \(=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)
b) Ta có: \(B=9x^2-6xy+2y^2+1\)
\(=9x^2-6xy+y^2+y^2+1\)
\(=\left(3x-y\right)^2+y^2+1>0\forall x,y\)
c) Ta có: \(E=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1>0\forall x,y\)
\(a,A=4x^2-20x+27=\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.5+5^2+2\)\(=\left(2x-5\right)^2+2\)
Mà \(\left(2x-5\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(2x-5\right)^2+2>0\Rightarrow A>0\)
\(b,B=x^2+x+1=x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}+1\)\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Mà \(\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\Rightarrow B>0\)
\(c,C=x^2+4x+y^2-6y+15=x^2+4x+4+y^2-6y+9+2\)
\(\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\)
Mà \(\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2>0\Rightarrow C>0\)
a) x2 - 8x + 19 = ( x2 - 8x + 16 ) + 3 = ( x - 4 )2 + 3 ≥ 3 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
b) x2 + y2 - 4x + 2 = ( x2 - 4x + 4 ) + y2 - 2 = ( x - 2 )2 + y2 - 2 ≥ -2 ∀ x, y ( chưa cm được -- )
c) 4x2 + 4x + 3 = ( 4x2 + 4x + 1 ) + 2 = ( 2x + 1 )2 + 2 ≥ 2 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
d) x2 - 2xy + 2y2 + 2y + 5 = ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) + ( y2 + 2y + 1 ) + 4 = ( x - y )2 + ( y + 1 )2 + 4 ≥ 4 > 0 ∀ x, y ( đpcm )
\(A\left(x,y\right)=x^2-2xy+y^2+4x^2-4xy+3\)
\(A\left(x,y\right)=5x^2-6xy+y^2+3\)
\(A\left(x,y\right)=2x^2+3x^2-6xy+y^2+3\)
\(A\left(x,y\right)=2x^2+\left(3x-y\right)^2+3\)
Ta thấy: \(2x^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left(3x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+\left(3x-y\right)^2+3\ge0\forall x,y\)
KL: Vậy biểu thức A luôn nhận giá trị dương.
\(B\left(x\right)=3x^2-5x+6\)
\(B\left(x\right)=3x^2-5x+\frac{5}{6}+\frac{31}{6}\)
\(B\left(x\right)=3x^2-5x+\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{5}{36}+\frac{31}{6}\)
\(B\left(x\right)=\left(3x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{5}{36}+\frac{31}{6}\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(3x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{5}{36}+\frac{31}{6}\ge0\forall x\)
vậy biểu thức B luôn nhận giá trị dương.