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A B C D I M
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
b)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+x\overrightarrow{BC}\)\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+x\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\left(1-x\right)\overrightarrow{AB}+x\overrightarrow{AC}\).
c) A, M, I thẳng hàng khi và chỉ khi hai véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{AI}\) cùng phương
hay \(\dfrac{1-x}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{8}}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{8}\left(1-x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{8}x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{7}\).
\(\overrightarrow{AJ}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{JK}=\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AJ}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=-\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=-\frac{3}{4}\\n=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KA}=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-\frac{1}{12}\)
\(\overrightarrow{DE}=\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AE}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{DG}=\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AG}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\frac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{5}{6}\left(-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{DG}=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{DE}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{DE}=\frac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{DG}\Rightarrow x=\frac{6}{5}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\overrightarrow{AC}=-3\overrightarrow{AN}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\) (do M là trung điểm AB)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
$\overrightarrow{CM}.\overrightarrow{BN}=(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AM})(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AN})$
$=\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{AN}$
$=\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CA}.\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}.\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}$
$=\frac{21}{20}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{4}AC^2-\frac{1}{5}AB^2$
$=\frac{21}{20}\cos A.|\overrightarrow{AB}|.|\overrightarrow{AC}|-\frac{1}{4}AC^2-\frac{1}{5}AB^2$
$=\frac{21}{20}.\frac{1}{2}.5.8-\frac{1}{4}.8^2-\frac{1}{5}.5^2=0$
$\Rightarrow CM\perp BN$
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{2}\\n=\frac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m+n=\frac{7}{10}\)