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A B C P N M
a)
Có: \(3\overrightarrow{OC}-\overrightarrow{OB}=3\left(\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)-\left(\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right)\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{OM}+3\overrightarrow{MC}-\overrightarrow{MB}\)\(=2\overrightarrow{OM}+\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MB}=2\overrightarrow{OM}\). (Đpcm).
b)
Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC, ta chứng minh G cũng là trọng tâm tam giác MNP.
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\).
Ta cần chứng minh: \(\overrightarrow{GN}+\overrightarrow{GM}+\overrightarrow{GP}=\overrightarrow{0}\).
Thật vậy \(\overrightarrow{GN}+\overrightarrow{GM}+\overrightarrow{GP}=\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CN}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{AP}\)
\(=\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)+\overrightarrow{CN}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{AP}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{0}+\overrightarrow{CN}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{AP}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{CB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{0}\).
Vậy G cũng là trọng tâm tam giác MNP. (Đpcm).
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}}{2}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}}{2}+\frac{\overrightarrow{AC}}{2}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AP}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}}{2}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BP}=\frac{\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}}{2}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CA}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{BP}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CB}}{2}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
a) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {BC} ,\overrightarrow {PN} \) là hai vecto cùng hướng và \(\frac{1}{2}\left| {\overrightarrow {BC} } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {PN} } \right|\)
\( \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {PN} \)\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AP} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {AP} + \overrightarrow {PN} = \overrightarrow {AN} \)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {MP} ,\overrightarrow {CA} \) là hai vecto cùng hướng và \(2\left| {\overrightarrow {MP} } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {CA} } \right|\)
\( \Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MP} = \overrightarrow {CA} \)\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {BC} + 2\overrightarrow {MP} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CA} = \overrightarrow {BA} \)
a/ \(\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{BP}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
b/
Do MN là đường trung bình tam giác ABC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AP}\)
c/
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Kéo dài AG lấy E sao cho AG=GE
\(2\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{GE}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{GI}=\overrightarrow{IA}\Rightarrow6\overrightarrow{GI}=3\overrightarrow{GA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+3\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{GE}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
a/
\(\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{CM}-\overrightarrow{PB}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
b/
\(\overrightarrow{AP}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MP}=\overrightarrow{AP}+\overrightarrow{BP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)