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ta có : \(Q=C^1_n+2\dfrac{C_n^2}{C_n^1}+...+k\dfrac{C^k_n}{C_n^{k-1}}+...+n\dfrac{C^n_n}{C_n^{n-1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{n!}{1!\left(n-1\right)!}+2\dfrac{1!\left(n-1\right)!}{2!\left(n-2\right)!}+...+k\dfrac{\left(k-1\right)!\left(n-k+1\right)!}{k!\left(n-k\right)!}+...+\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)!1!}{n!}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=n+\dfrac{2\left(n-1\right)}{2}+...+\dfrac{k\left(n-k+1\right)}{k}+...+\dfrac{n}{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=n+\left(n-1\right)+...+\left(n-k+1\right)+...+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=n^2-\left(1+\left(1+1\right)+\left(1+2\right)+...+\left(n-1\right)\right)\)
ta có : \(C^n_n+C^{n-1}_n+C^{n-2}_n=79\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-1\right)!}+\dfrac{n!}{2\left(n-2\right)!}=79\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+n+\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}=79\Leftrightarrow n^2+n-39=0\) \(\Rightarrow∄n\in Z^+\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đề sai
\(u_3=u_2^2-u_2+2=4\)
\(S_1=1=\left(2-1\right)^2=\left(u_2-1\right)^2\)
\(S_2=2.5-1=9=\left(4-1\right)^2=\left(u_3-1\right)^2\)
Dự đoán \(S_n=\left(u_{n+1}-1\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh bằng quy nạp:
- Với \(n=1;2\) đúng (đã kiểm chứng bên trên với \(S_1;S_2\))
- Giả sử đẳng thức đúng với \(n=k\)
Hay \(S_k=\left(u_1^2+1\right)\left(u_2^2+1\right)...\left(u_k^2+1\right)-1=\left(u_{k+1}-1\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(S_{k+1}=\left(u_1^2+1\right)\left(u_2^2+1\right)...\left(u_k^2+1\right)\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1=\left(u_{k+2}-1\right)^2\)
Thật vậy:
\(S_{k+1}=\left[\left(u_{k+1}-1\right)^2+1\right]\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+1}^2-2u_{k+1}+2\right)\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+2}-u_{k+1}\right)\left(u_{k+2}+u_{k+1}-1\right)-1\)
\(=u_{k+2}^2-u_{k+2}-u_{k+1}^2+u_{k+1}-1\)
\(=u_{k+2}^2-u_{k+2}+2-u_{k+2}-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+2}-1\right)^2\) (đpcm)
Câu 4.
\(\lim \left( {{n^2}\sin \dfrac{{n\pi }}{5} - 2{n^3}} \right) = \lim {n^3}\left( {\dfrac{{\sin \dfrac{{n\pi }}{5}}}{n} - 2} \right) = - \infty \)
Vì \(\lim {n^3} = + \infty ;\lim \left( {\dfrac{{\sin \dfrac{{n\pi }}{5}}}{n} - 2} \right) = - 2 \)
\(\left| {\dfrac{{\sin \dfrac{{n\pi }}{5}}}{n}} \right| \le \dfrac{1}{n};\lim \dfrac{1}{n} = 0 \Rightarrow \lim \left( {\dfrac{{\sin \dfrac{{n\pi }}{5}}}{n} - 2} \right) = - 2\)
Câu 5.
Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l} 0 \le \left| {{u_n}} \right| \le \dfrac{1}{{{n^2} + 1}} \le \dfrac{1}{n} \to 0\\ 0 \le \left| {{v_n}} \right| \le \dfrac{1}{{{n^2} + 2}} \le \dfrac{1}{n} \to 0 \end{array} \right. \to \lim {u_n} = \lim {v_n} = 0 \to \lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right) = 0\)
Bài 1:
\(\left(x^{-\frac{1}{5}}+x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(x^{-\frac{1}{5}}\right)^k\left(x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^{10-k}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^kx^{\frac{10}{3}-\frac{8k}{15}}\)
Trong khai triển trên có 11 số hạng nên số hạng đứng giữa có \(k=6\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Số hạng đó là \(C_{10}^6x^{\frac{10}{3}-\frac{48}{15}}=C_{10}^6x^{\frac{2}{15}}\)
Bài 2:
\(\left(1+x^2\right)^n=a_0+a_1x^2+a_2x^4+...+a_nx^{2n}\)
Cho \(x=1\Rightarrow2^n=a_0+a_1+...+a_n=1024=2^{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow n=10\)
\(\left(1+x^2\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^kx^{2k}\)
Số hạng chứa \(x^{12}\Rightarrow2k=12\Rightarrow k=6\) có hệ số là \(C_{10}^6\)
Bài 3:
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^n=\sum\limits^n_{k=0}C_n^kx^k\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)^{n-k}\)
Với \(k=n-2\Rightarrow\) hệ số là \(C_n^{n-2}\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=\frac{1}{16}C_n^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{16}C_n^2=31\Rightarrow C_n^2=496\Rightarrow n=32\)
Bài 4:
Xét khai triển:
\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+xC_n^1+x^2C_n^2+...+x^nC_n^n\)
Cho \(x=2\) ta được:
\(\left(1+2\right)^n=C_n^0+2C_n^1+2^2C_n^2+...+2^nC_n^n\)
\(\Rightarrow S=3^n\)
Bài 5:
Xét khai triển:
\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+xC_n^1+x^2C_n^2+...+x^{2k}C_n^{2k}+x^{2k+1}C_n^{2k+1}+...\)
Cho \(x=-1\) ta được:
\(0=C_n^0-C_n^1+C_n^2-C_n^3+...+C_n^{2k}-C_n^{2k+1}+...\)
\(\Rightarrow C_n^0+C_n^2+...+C_n^{2k}+...=C_n^1+C_n^3+...+C_n^{2k+1}+...\)
Bài 6:
\(\left(1-4x+x^2\right)^5=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^k\left(-4x+x^2\right)^k=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_5^kC_k^i\left(-4\right)^ix^{2k-i}\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2k-i=5\\0\le i\le k\le5\\i;k\in N\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(i;k\right)=\left(1;3\right);\left(3;4\right);\left(5;5\right)\)
Hệ số: \(\left(-4\right)^1.C_5^3C_3^1+\left(-4\right)^3C_5^4.C_4^3+\left(-4\right)^5C_5^5.C_5^5\)
\(lim\left(u_n\right)=lim\left(\frac{n}{n^2+1}\right)=lim\left(\frac{\frac{1}{n}}{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}\right)=\frac{0}{1}=0\)
b/
\(-1\le cos\frac{\pi}{n}\le1\Rightarrow-\frac{n}{n^2+1}\le v_n\le\frac{n}{n^2+1}\)
Mà \(lim\left(-\frac{n}{n^2+1}\right)=lim\left(\frac{n}{n^2+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(v_n\right)=0\)