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a, \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b^2+b\left(a+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c^2+c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+b+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+c=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}=0\) (đpcm)
b, Từ \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\) hay ayz+bxz+cxy=0
Từ \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{zx}{ca}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\frac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\)
Mà ayz+bxz+cxy=1
=>\(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
a+b+c+d=0
nên b+c=-(a+d)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\)
\(=\left(a+d\right)^3-3ad\left(a+d\right)+\left(b+c\right)^3-3bc\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=-\left(b+c\right)^3+3ad\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^3-3bc\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=3ad\left(b+c\right)-3bc\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(3ad-3bc\right)\)
\(=3\left(b+c\right)\left(ad-bc\right)\)
từ a+b+c=0 suy ra a=-(b+c)
=> \(a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\)
=> \(a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
=> \(\left(a^2-b^2-c^2\right)^2=4b^2c^2\)
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2-2c^2a^2=4b^2c^2\)
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\)
=> \(2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
a + b + c = 0
<=> (a + b + c)² = 0
<=> a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0
<=> a² + b² + c² = -2(ab + bc + ca) ------------(1)
CẦn chứng minh:
2(a^4 + b^4 + c^4) = (a² + b² + c²)²
<=> 2(a^4 + b^4 + c^4) = a^4 + b^4 + c^4 + 2(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²)
<=> a^4 + b^4 + c^4 = 2(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²)
<=> (a² + b² + c²)² = 4(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²) ---(cộng 2 vế cho 2(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²) )
<=> [-2(ab + bc + ca)]² = 4(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²) ----(do (1))
<=> 4.(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²) + 8.(ab²c + bc²a + a²bc) = 4(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²)
<=> 8.(ab²c + bc²a + a²bc) = 0
<=> 8abc.(a + b + c) = 0
<=> 0 = 0 (đúng), Vì a + b + c = 0
=> Đpcm