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1. The United States consists of fifty states. Each of them has its own government -> The United States consists of fifty states, each of which has its own government
2. I saw a lot of new people at the party. Some of them seemed familia -> I saw a lot of new people at the party, some of whom seemed familiar
3. The concert was boring. I listened to it last weekend -> The concert which/that I listened to last weekend was boring
4. I like the village. I used to live in it. -> I like the village which I used to live in
5. The little girl has gone. I borrowed this pen from her. -> The litte girl whom I borrowed this pen from has gone
6. The knife is very sharp. We cut breat with it. -> The knife which we cut bread with is very sharp
7. The speech was great. We listened to it last night. -> The speech which we listened to last night was great
8. That's the woman. Jim used to be married to her. -> That's the woman whom Jim used to be married to
9. The boy is poor. I lent my money to him. -> The boy whom I lent my money to is poor
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES
1. The man who is standing there is a clown
-> The man standing there is a clown
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
-> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive
-> Benzene discovered by Faraday became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
-> My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday
-> The student don't know how to do the exercise given by the teacher yesterday
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
-> The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
-> The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
-> All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
9. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam
-> All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm
-> I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
1. Please,don't mention this matter to the children!
-> Would you mind not mentioning this matter to the children?
2. The clerk was stealing the money. The manager caught him that time
-> the manager caught the clerk who was stealing the money that time
3. Do you want to go out for a cup of coffee?
-> Do you feel like going out for a cup of coffee?
4. She really doesn't want you to call her your "old lady"
-> She objects to you calling her your ‘’old lady’’
5. Nobody has mowed the lawn for weeks
-> The lawn hasn’t been mowed for weeks
6. "I'm sorry I didn't let you know about the change" Paul said to Carol
-> Paul apologized to Carol for not letting her know about the change
7. "I must see my lawyer" the woman insisted
-> The woman insisted on seeing her lawyer
8. "Thanks. It was very kind of you to show me the way" she said to me
-> She thanked me for showing her the way
9. When you phoned me, it was my lunch time
-> When you phoned me, I was having lunch
10. "Harry, can you remember to buy some chocolate" Sally said to Harry
-> Sally reminded Harry to buy some chocolate
11. How long have Pauline and David been married?
-> When did Pauline and David get married?
12. Our team didn't lose the match thank to the goalkeeper
-> If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper’s help, our team would have been lost
13. He can't do a teaching job because of his lack of patience
-> If he were patient, he could do a teaching job
14. Keep your feet warm or you'll catch a cold!
-> Unless you keep your feet warm, you’ll catch a cold
15. Please let me know, if you get any news about Tim!
-> Should you get any news about Tim, please let me know
16. Don't worry if you can't answer all the questions
-> It doesn't matter if you can't answer all the questions
17. We really need a new washing machine
-> What we really need ia a new washing machine
19. No one can use this machine without permission
-> This machine can’t be used without permission
20. We won't get to the airport on time without taking a taxi
-> Unless we take a taxi, we won’t get to the airport on time
21. Have you got a smaller size than this?
-> Is this the smallest size you have?
22. I've never flown in a balloon before
-> This is the first time I have flown in a balloon
23. I went on holiday with the people. They were very friendly
-> The people with whom I went on holiday were very friendly
24. She sent me a nice present. I was very grateful for it
-> She sent me a nice present for which I was very grateful
25. I sat next to a boy in the exam. He didn't understand most of the questions
-> The boy whom I sat next to in the exam didn't understand most of the questions
26. My younger brother finds origami interesting
-> My younger brother is interested in origami
27. The beach of this town is very famous
-> This town is famous for the beach
28. I've never enjoyed myself so much
-> I've never had so much enjoyment
29. I had left my bicycle at the gate and then it had disappeared
-> My bicycle which I had left at the gate had disappeared
1. This is the city which I was born in.
2. Paul, whom I play with on weekends, is fitter than you.
3. The cup which Ba dropped was new.
4. You are sitting on the chair which is in bad shape.
5. They are the boys whom I went on holiday with.
6. She is the woman whom I told you about.
1, REWITRE THE FLlOWING SENTENCES
Using a present paticipial phrase,pass paticipial phrase or an infinitive phrase.
a,the car which was bought by my mother is very expensive
==>....................................The car bought by my mother is very expensive.....................
b,the scientist who invented the lights is Thomas Edison
==>.........................The scientist inventing the lights is Thomas Edison............................
c,the last person who completes the mission must be punished
==>............................The last person to complete the mission must be punished...................................
d,the couple who got married yesterday is my neighbors
==>......................The couple getting married yesterday is my neighbors..........................
e, lan was the first person who won the lottery in our city
==>...............................Lan was the first person to win the lottery in our city............................
USING PREPOSITION + RELACTIVE PRONOUN.
a, it was the swimming poor that our child preffered to swim in
==>......................It was the swimming pool in which our child preffered to swim..........................
b,do you know the boy that Mai is talking to?
==>......................Do you know the boy to whom Mai is talking?.....................
1. My father doesn't play football anymore.
2. I was given a present on my last birthday.
3. She suggests going swimming.
4. He invited me a cup of tea.
5. If we had had a map, I wouldn't got lost in the jungle
6. I haven't seen Bob since I was in Ho Chi Minh City.
7. It takes three hours to drive from Hanoi to Namdinh.
8. I wish you had told us about it.
9. The owner of the house is thought to be abroad.
10. The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming.
Exercise 2: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. My father used to play football when he was young.
—> My father doesn't..... play football anymore .. ,
2. Jane gave me a present on my last birthday.
—> I was.........given a present on my last birthday by Jane. .................
3. "Let's go swimming".
—> She suggests.......going swimming....
4. "Would you like a cup of coffee?"
—> He..... invited me a cup of coffee....... ................
5. We got lost in the jungle because we didn't have a map.
—> If we had.... had a map we would not got lose lost in the jungle .....
6. I last saw Bob when I was in Ho Chi Minh City.
—> I haven't seen....Bob since I was in Ho Chi Minh city .. ..
7. It is a three-hour drive from Hanoi to Namdinh.
—> It takes.....3 hours to drive from Ha Noi to Nam Dinh
8. It's a pity you didn't tell us about this.
.... . i wish you had told us about this ...........
8. It's a pity you didn't tell us about this.
—> I wish......... you had told us about this . .............
9. They think the owner of the house is abroad.
—> The owner.. of the house is thought to be abroad.....
10. The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was very rough.
—> The sea was too..... rough for the children to swim....
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa
1This is the first time he went abroad.
-> He hasn't gone abroad before.
2.She started driving 1 month ago.
-> She has been driving for 1 month.
3.We began eating when it started to rain.
-> We have been eating since it stated to rain.
4.I last had my hari cut when I left her.
-> I haven't had my hair cut since I left her.
5.The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
-> She hasn't kissed me for 5 months.
6.It is a long time since we last met
-> We haven't met each other for a long time.
7.When did you hve it?
-> How long have you had it?
8.This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
-> I haven't had such a delicious meal before.
9.I haven't seen him for 8 days
-> The last time I saw him was 8 days ago.
10.I haven't taken a bath since Monday
-> It is 4 days since I took a bath.