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a) x4 + x2 - 27x - 9
= (x4 - 27x) + x2 - 9
= x(x3 - 27) + (x - 3)(x + 3)
= x(x - 3)(x2 + 3x + 9) + (x - 3)(x + 3)
= (x - 3)(x3 + 3x2 + 9x + x + 3)
= (x - 3)(x3 + 3x2 + 10x + 3)
b) x2 - xy - x + y
= x(x - y) - (x - y)
= (x - 1)(x - y)
c) xy + 4 - x2 + 2y
= (xy + 2y) - (x2 - 4)
= y(x + 2) - (x - 2)(x + 2)
= (x + 2)(y - x + 2)
d) xy + y - 2(x + 1)
= y(x + 1) - 2(x + 1)
= (y - 2)(x + 1)
a) 36 - 4a2 + 20ab - 25b2 = 36 - ( 4a2 - 20ab + 25b2 ) = 62 - ( 2a - 5b )2 = ( 6 - 2a + 5b )( 6 + 2a - 5b )
b) ( xy + 4 )2 - 4( x + y )2 = ( xy + 4 )2 - 22( x + y )2 = ( xy + 4 )2 - [ 2( x + y ) ]2
= ( xy + 4 )2 - ( 2x + 2y )2 = ( xy + 4 - 2x - 2y )( xy + 4 + 2x + 2y )
= [ x( y - 2 ) - 2( y - 2 ) ][ x( y + 2 ) + 2( y + 2 ) ]
= ( y - 2 )( x - 2 )( y + 2 )( x + 2 )
c) x2 + y2 - x2y2 + xy - x - y
= ( x2 - x2y2 ) + ( y2 - y ) + ( xy - x )
= x2( 1 - y2 ) + y( y - 1 ) + x( y - 1 )
= x2( 1 - y )( 1 + y ) - y( 1 - y ) - x( 1 - y )
= ( 1 - y )[ x2( 1 + y ) - y - x ) ]
= ( 1 - y )( x2 + x2y - y - x )
= ( 1 - y )[ ( x2 - x ) + ( x2y - y ) ]
= ( 1 - y )[ x( x - 1 ) + y( x2 - 1 ) ]
= ( 1 - y )[ x( x - 1 ) + y( x - 1 )( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 1 - y )( x - 1 )[ x + y( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 1 - y )( x - 1 )( x + xy + y )
d) 3x + 3y - x2 - 2xy - y2
= 3( x + y ) - ( x2 + 2xy + y2 )
= 3( x + y ) - ( x + y )2
= ( x + y )( 3 - x - y )
e) ( 2xy + 1 )2 - ( 2x + y )2
= ( 2xy + 1 - 2x - y )( 2xy + 1 + 2x + y )
= [ ( 2xy - 2x ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ ( 2xy + 2x ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= [ 2x( y - 1 ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ 2x( y + 1 ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= ( y - 1 )( 2x - 1 )( y + 1 )( 2x + 1 )
a) \(36-4a^2+20ab-25b^2\)
\(=36-\left(4a^2-20ab+25b^2\right)\)
\(=36-\left(2a-5b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(6-2a+5b\right)\left(6+2a-5b\right)\)
b) \(\left(xy+4\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(xy+4-2x-2y\right)\left(xy+4+2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left[x\left(y-2\right)-2\left(y-2\right)\right]\left[x\left(y+2\right)+2\left(y+2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(y+2\right)\left(y-2\right)\)
c) \(x^2+y^2-x^2y^2+xy-x-y\)
\(=-\left(x^2y^2-x^2\right)+\left(y^2-y\right)+\left(xy-x\right)\)
\(=-x^2\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)+y\left(y-1\right)+x\left(y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(y-1\right)\left(-x^2y-x^2+y+x\right)\)
\(=\left(1-y\right)\left[\left(x^2y-y\right)+\left(x^2-x\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(1-y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(xy+y+x\right)\)
\(b,x^3+x^2y-xy^2-y^3\)
\(=\left(x^{ }^3+x^2y\right)-\left(xy^2+y^3\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x+y\right)-y^2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
a) \(\left(xy+1\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(xy+1-x-y\right)\left(xy+1+x+y\right)\)
\(=\left[x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)\right]\left[x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
b) \(\left(x+y\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+y-x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2y\left(x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=2y\left(3x^2+y^2\right)\)
a) ( xy + 1 )2 - ( x + y )2
= [ ( xy + 1 ) - ( x + y ) ][ ( xy + 1 ) + ( x + y ) ]
= ( xy - x - y + 1 )( xy + x + y + 1 )
b) ( x + y )3 - ( x - y )3
C1. = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - ( x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3 )
= x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - x3 + 3x2y - 3xy2 + y3
= 6x2y + 2y3
= 2y( 3x2 + y2 )
C2. = [ ( x + y ) - ( x - y ) ][ ( x + y )2 + ( x + y )( x - y ) + ( x - y )2 ]
= ( x + y - x + y )( x2 + 2xy + y2 + x2 - y2 + x2 - 2xy + y2 )
= 2y( 3x2 + y2 )
c) 3x4y2 + 3x3y2 + 3xy2 + 3y2
= 3( x4y2 + x3y2 + xy2 + y2 )
= 3[ ( x4y2 + x3y2 ) + ( xy2 + y2 ) ]
= 3[ x3y2( x + 1 ) + y2( x + 1 ) ]
= 3( x + 1 )( x3y2 + y2 )
= 3y2( x + 1 )( x3 + 1 )
= 3y2( x + 1 )( x + 1 )( x2 - x + 1 )
= 3y2( x + 1 )2( x2 - x + 1 )
d) 4( x2 - y2 ) - 8( x - ay ) - 4( a2 - 1 )
= 4[ ( x2 - y2 ) - 2( x - ay ) - ( a2 - 1 )
= 4( x2 - y2 - 2x + 2ay - a2 + 1 )
= 4[ ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) - ( y2 - 2ay + a2 ) ]
= 4[ ( x - 1 )2 - ( y - a )2 ]
= 4[ ( x - 1 ) - ( y - a ) ][ ( x - 1 ) + ( y + a ) ]
= 4( x - y + a - 1 )( x + y + a - 1 )
a) xy – 3x + 2y – 6
= (xy - 3x) + (2y - 6)
= x(y - 3) + 2(y - 3)
= (y - 3)(x + 2)
b) x2y + 4xy + 4y – y3
= y(x2 + 4x + 4 - y2)
= y[(x2 + 4x + 4) - y2]
= y[(x + 2)2 - y2]
= y(x + 2 + y)(x + 2 - y)
c) x2 + y2 + xz + yz + 2xy
= (x2 + 2xy + y2) + (xz + yz)
= (x + y)2 + z(x + y)
= (x + y)(x + y + z)
d) x3 + 3x2 – 3x – 1
= (x3 - 1) + (3x2 - 3x)
= (x - 1)(x2 + x + z) + 3x(x - 1)
= (x - 1)(x2 + 4x + 1)
a )
\(xy-3x+2y-6\)
\(=\left(xy+2y\right)-3x-6\)
\(=y\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(y-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
b )
\(x^2y+4xy+4y-y^3\)
\(=y\left(x^2+4x+4-y^2\right)\)
\(=y\left[\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=y\left(x+2-y\right)\left(x+2+y\right)\)
c )
\(x^2+y^2+xz+yz+2xy\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
1)\(=x^2\left(x-y\right)-y\left(x-y\right)\\ =\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y\right)\)
2)\(=\left(x^2+x\right)-\left(2xy+2y\right)\\ =x\left(x+1\right)-2y\left(x+1\right)\\ =\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2y\right)\)
3)\(=\left(x^2+2.x.2y+4y^2\right)-y^2\\ =\left(x+2y\right)^2-y^2\\ =\left(x+2y+y\right)\left(x+2y-y\right)\)
1) x3 - x2y - xy + y2
= (x3 - x2y) - (xy - y2)
= x2.(x - y) - y.(x - y)
= (x - y).(x2 - y)
2) x2 - 2xy + x - 2y
= (x2 + x) - (2xy + 2y)
= x.(x + 1) - 2y.(x + 1)
= (x + 1).(x - 2y)
3) x2 + 4xy + 3y2
= x2 + 3xy + xy + 3y2
= (x2 + 3xy) + (xy + 3y2)
= x.(x + 3y) + y.(x + 3y)
= (x + 3y).(x + y)
1 ) \(x^3-x^2y-xy+y^2\)
\(=\left(x^3-x^2y\right)-\left(xy-y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2.\left(x-y\right)-y.\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right).\left(x^2-y\right)\)
2 ) \(x^2-2xy+x-2y\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)-\left(2xy+2y\right)\)
\(=x.\left(x+1\right)-2y.\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right).\left(x-2y\right)\)
3 ) \(x^2+4xy+3y^2\)
\(=x^2+3xy+xy+3y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+3xy\right)+\left(xy+3y^2\right)\)
\(=x.\left(x+3y\right)+y.\left(x+3y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3y\right).\left(x+y\right)\)
a) \(4\left(2-x\right)^2+xy-2y\)
\(=4\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(xy-2y\right)\)
\(=4\left(x-2\right)\left(x-2\right)+y\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(4x-8\right)+y\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(4x-8+x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(5x-10\right)\)
\(=5\left(x-2\right)^2\)
a, \(=4\left(x-2\right)^2+y\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(4x-8+y\right)\)
b, \(=x\left(x-y\right)^3-y\left(x-y\right)^2-y^2\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left[x\left(x-y\right)^2-y\left(x-y\right)-y^2\right]=\left(x-y\right)\left[x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-xy+y^2-y^2\right]=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^3-2x^2y+xy^2-xy\right)=x\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-y\right)\)
c, \(=xy\left(x-y\right)-3\left(x-y\right)=\left(xy-3\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
d, không phân tích được