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Câu 3 : Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b^2+1=b^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\\c^2+1=c^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào biểu thức ta được :
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}=\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Vậy biểu thức trên là một số hữu tỉ .
Wish you study well !!!
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\cdot0}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}+2\left(\dfrac{x-y+y-z+z-x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\right)=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
Vậy: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}\right)^2}=\)
$=/$\frac{1}{x-y}+\frac{1}{y-z}+\frac{1}{z-x}$/ ($dpcm$)
Câu 1:
\(\sqrt{x-a}+\sqrt{y-b}+\sqrt{z-c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-a}+2\sqrt{y-b}+2\sqrt{z-c}=x+y+z\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}+3-a-b-c=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-a\right)-2\sqrt{x-a}+1\right]+\left[\left(y-b\right)-2\sqrt{y-b}+1\right]+\left[\left(z-c\right)-2\sqrt{z-c}+1\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-a}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-c}-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-b}-1=0\\\sqrt{z-c}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}=1\\\sqrt{y-b}=1\\\sqrt{z-c}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-a=1\\y-b=1\\z-c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+1\\y=b+1\\z=c+1\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy \(\left\{x;y;z\right\}=\left\{a+1;b+1;c+1\right\}\)
Câu 2:
\(\text{ a) Ta có }:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{n-n+1}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Lại có: }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{n+1-n}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-n\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
b) Áp dụng bất đảng thức ở câu a:
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\\ >2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}+...+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>2\left(\sqrt{100}-1\right)=2\left(10-1\right)=18\left(3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}< 2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}+...+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\cdot\sqrt{100}=2\cdot10=20\left(4\right)\)
Từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\Rightarrow18< S< 20\)
Bạn tham khảo tại đây nhé :
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=a\\y-z=b\\z-x=c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\) là bp 1 số hữu tỉ(đpcm)
Câu 1:
\(A=21\left(a+\frac{1}{b}\right)+3\left(b+\frac{1}{a}\right)=21a+\frac{21}{b}+3b+\frac{3}{a}\)
\(=(\frac{a}{3}+\frac{3}{a})+(\frac{7b}{3}+\frac{21}{b})+\frac{62}{3}a+\frac{2b}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{a}{3}+\frac{3}{a}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{a}{3}.\frac{3}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{7b}{3}+\frac{21}{b}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{7b}{3}.\frac{21}{b}}=14\)
Và do $a,b\geq 3$ nên:
\(\frac{62}{3}a\geq \frac{62}{3}.3=62\)
\(\frac{2b}{3}\geq \frac{2.3}{3}=2\)
Cộng tất cả những BĐT trên ta có:
\(A\geq 2+14+62+2=80\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=3$
Câu 2:
Bình phương 2 vế ta thu được:
\((x^2+6x-1)^2=4(5x^3-3x^2+3x-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+12x^3+34x^2-12x+1=20x^3-12x^2+12x-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-8x^3+46x^2-24x+9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-4x)^2+6x^2+24(x-\frac{1}{2})^2+3=0\) (vô lý)
Do đó pt đã cho vô nghiệm.
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+a^2\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+a^4-2ab^3-2a^3b+3a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(b^2+a^2\right)^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(b^2+a^2-ab\right)}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}=\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\right|\)
Do a,b là số hữu tỉ\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ hay A là số hữu tỉ
a) Từ giả thiết : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab\text{=}2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab-2bc-2ca\text{=}0\)
Ta xét : \(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\text{=}a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ca\)
\(\text{=}a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Do đó : \(A\text{=}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\text{=}\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\text{=}a+b-c\)
Vì a;b;c là các số hữu tỉ suy ra : đpcm
b) Đặt : \(a\text{=}\dfrac{1}{x-y};b\text{=}\dfrac{1}{y-x};c\text{=}\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)
Do đó : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Ta có : \(B\text{=}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)
Từ đây ta thấy giống phần a nên :
\(B\text{=}a+b-c\)
\(B\text{=}\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}-\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)
Suy ra : đpcm.
Mình bổ sung đề phần b cần phải có điều kiện của x;y;z nha bạn.