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Bài làm:
Ta có:
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=(a+b-2c)2+(b+c-2a)2+(c+a-2b)2
<=> a2-2ab+b2+b2-2bc+c2+c2-2ca+a2=6a2+6b2+6c2-6(ab+bc+ca)
<=> \(4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4bc-4ca=0\)
<=> \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
<=> \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=\left(a+b-2c\right)^2+\left(b+c-2a\right)^2+\left(c+a-2b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2-4ab-4bc-4ca=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2-4\left(b+c\right)a+4a^2-4\left(c+a\right)b+4b^2-4\left(a+b\right)c+4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4ab-4bc-4ca=-4\left(b+c\right)a+4a^2-4\left(c+a\right)b+4b^2-4\left(a+b\right)c+4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2+bc-\left(b+c\right)a+a^2+ca-\left(c+a\right)b+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-ac-bc+c^2+bc-ba-ca+a^2+ca-cb-ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)\)
Tất cả các câu này đều có thể chứng minh bằng phép biến đổi tương đương:
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{10}+b^{10}+a^4b^6+a^6b^4\le2a^{10}+2b^{10}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{10}-a^6b^4+b^{10}-a^4b^6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^6\left(a^4-b^4\right)-b^6\left(a^4-b^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^6-b^6\right)\left(a^4-b^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{4}+b^2+c^2-ab+ac-2bc\right)+b^2-2b+1+c^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{2}-b+c\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+c^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
c.
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-8bc+4ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b+2c\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
d.
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^4-8a^3+4a^2+a^2-2a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a^2-2a\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Gọi
( a + b )2 = c
( a - b )2 = d
= c2 - d2
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức số a2 - b2 = ( a + b ) ( a - b ) ta có :
c2 - d2
= ( c - d ) ( c + d )
= [ ( a +b ) - ( a - b ) ] . [ ( a + b ) - ( a - b ) ]
= 2a . 2b
= 4ab
Study well
Sửa lại đề ở câu 1: \(2ab\)chuyển thành \(2bx\)
1. \(2x^2+2b^2+2bx+2x+2b+2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2bx+b^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(b^2+2b+1\right)\)
\(=\left(b+x\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(b+1\right)^2\)
2. \(4x^2+4x+10+6y+y^2\)
\(=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2\)
\(\left(2+7\right)\left(2a^2+\dfrac{7}{b^2}\right)\ge\left(2a+\dfrac{7}{b}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+\dfrac{7}{b^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2a+\dfrac{7}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{2b^2+\dfrac{7}{c^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2a+\dfrac{7}{c}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2c^2+\dfrac{7}{a^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2c+\dfrac{7}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2a+2b+2c+\dfrac{7}{a}+\dfrac{7}{b}+\dfrac{7}{c}\right)=2+\dfrac{7}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(VT\ge2+\dfrac{7}{9}.\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=3\))
\(VT\ge2+\dfrac{7}{9}.\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c}}\right)^2=9\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
d. 2x2(x - y) + 2y(y - x)
= 2x2(x - y) - 2y(x - y)
= (2x2 - 2y)(x - y)
= 2(x2 - y)(x - y)
e. 5a2b(a - 2b) - 2a(2b - a)
= 5a2b(a - 2b) + 2a(a - 2b)
= (5a2b + 2a)(a - 2b)
= a(5ab + 2)(a - 2b)
f. 4x2y(x - y) + 9xy2(x - y)
= (4x2y + 9xy2)(x - y)
= xy(4x + 9y)(x - y)
g. 50x2(x - y)2 - 8y2(y - x)2
= 50x2(x2 - 2xy + y2) - 8y2(y2 - 2xy + x2)
= 50x2(x2 - 2xy + y2) - 8y2(x2 - 2xy + y2)
= 50x2(x - y)2 - 8y2(x - y)2
= (50x2 - 8y2)(x - y)2
= 2(25x2 - 4y2)(x - y)2.