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a)
1/12 + 1/6 + 1/2 = (1+2+6)/12 = 9/12 = 3/4
1/30 + 1/20 = (2+3)/60 = 5/60 = 1/12
1/56 + 1/42 = 1/7(1/8+1/6) = 1/7 .(3+4)/24 = 1/24
8/9- 1/72 = (8.8 - 1)/72 = 63/72 = 7/8
1/12 + 1/24 = (2+1)/24 = 1/8
7/8 - 1/8 = 6/8 = 3/4
3/4 - 3/4 = 0
b)
\(0,5+\frac{1}{3}+0,4+\frac{5}{7}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{4}{35}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{6}\right)+\left(\frac{5}{7}-\frac{4}{35}\right)\)
\(=\frac{15+10+12+5}{30}+\frac{25-4}{35}\)
\(=\frac{7}{5}+\frac{3}{5}\)
\(=2\)
a)\(3-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{3}\right)-\left(5+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{6}{5}\right)-\left(6-\frac{7}{4}+\frac{3}{2}\right)\)
=\(3-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{3}-5-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{6}{5}-6+\frac{7}{4}-\frac{3}{2}\)
=\(\left(3-5-6\right)+\left(\frac{-1}{4}+\frac{7}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{-2}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{6}{5}-\frac{3}{2}\right)\)
=\(-8+\frac{3}{2}-1-\frac{3}{10}\)
=\(\left(-8-1\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{10}\right)\)
=-9+\(\frac{6}{5}\)
=\(\frac{-39}{5}\)
Bài 1:
a)\(\frac{\left(0,8\right)^5}{\left(0,4\right)^6}=\frac{\left(0,2\cdot4\right)^5}{\left(0,2\cdot2\right)^6}=\frac{\left(0,2\right)^5\cdot\left(2^2\right)^5}{\left(0,2\right)^6\cdot2^6}=\frac{\left(0,2\right)^5\cdot2^{10}}{\left(0,2\right)^6\cdot2^6}=\frac{2^4}{0,2}=\frac{16}{\frac{2}{10}}=80\)
b)\(\frac{8^{10}+4^{10}}{8^4+4^{11}}=\frac{\left(2^3\right)^{10}+\left(2^2\right)^{10}}{\left(2^3\right)^4+\left(2^2\right)^{11}}=\frac{2^{30}+2^{20}}{2^{12}+2^{22}}=\frac{2^{20}\left(2^{10}+1\right)}{2^{12}\left(1+2^{10}\right)}=\frac{2^{20}}{2^{12}}=256\)
Bài 2:
a)\(2^{x-1}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{x-1}=2^4\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=4\Rightarrow x=5\)
b)\(\left(x-1\right)^2=25\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=5^2=\left(-5\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=5\) hoặc \(x-1=-5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=6\) hoặc \(x=-4\)
Vậy \(x=6\) hoặc \(x=-4\)
c)\(\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}=\left(x-1\right)^{x+6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}-\left(x-1\right)^{x+6}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}\left[1-\left(x-1\right)^4\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}=0\\1-\left(x-1\right)^4=0\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-1=0\\1=\left(x-1\right)^4\end{array}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=1\\\left(x-1\right)^4=\left(-1\right)^4=1^4\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=1\\x-1=1\\x-1=-1\end{array}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=1\\x=2\\x=0\end{array}\right.\)
d)\(\left(x+20\right)^{100}+\left|y+4\right|=0\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\begin{cases}\left(x+20\right)^{100}\ge0\\\left|y+4\right|\ge0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+20\right)^{100}+\left|y+4\right|\ge0\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\begin{cases}\left(x+20\right)^{100}=0\\\left|y+4\right|=0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x+20=0\\y+4=0\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=-20\\y=-4\end{cases}\)
`@` `\text {Ans}`
`\downarrow`
`1)`
`5/7*37 13/23 - 51 13/23*5/7`
`= 5/7* (37 13/23 - 51 13/23)`
`= 5/7* (-14)`
`= -10`
`2)`
`-2/3 +1/3+0,5+2 1/2`
`= -2/3 + 1/3 + 1/2 + 5/2`
`= (-2/3+1/3) + (1/2+5/2)`
`= -1/3 + 3`
`=8/3`
`3)`
`-0,5+2/3+1/2`
`= -1/2 + 2/3 + 1/2`
`= (-1/2 + 1/2) + 2/3`
`= 2/3`
`4)`
`(8+2 1/3-3/5) -(5+0,4)-(3 1/2 -2)`
`= 8+ 7/3 - 3/5 - 5 - 0,4 - 7/2 + 2`
`= (8+2-5) + (-3/5 - 2/5) + (7/3 - 7/2)`
`= 5 - 1 - 7/6`
`= 4 - 7/6 = 17/6`
`5)`
`(2/9-7/12):3/4+(16/9-5/12):3/4`
`= (2/9 - 7/12) \times 4/3 + (16/9 - 5/12) \times 4/3`
`= 4/3 *(2/9 - 7/12 + 16/9 - 5/12)`
`= 4/3 * [(2/9 + 16/9) + (-7/12 - 5/12)]`
`= 4/3 * ( 2 - 1)`
`= 4/3 * 1 = 4/3`
`6)`
`-(2021.0,7+19,75) +0,7- (8-19,75)`
`= -2021*0,7 -19,75 + 0,7 - 8 + 19,75`
`= 0,7*(-2021 + 1) - 8`
`= -1414-8`
`= -1422`
`7)`
`15/34+7/21+19/34-20/15`
`= (15/34 + 19/34) + 7/21 - 20/15`
`= 1 + 7/21 - 20/15`
`= 4/3 - 20/15 =0`
`8)`
`2 5/6+1/6:(-5/8)`
`= 17/6 + (-4/15)`
`= 77/30`
`9)`
`(-2)^2 +2/9. (4/5-2/3)`
`= 4 + 2/9*2/15`
`= 4+4/135`
`= 544/135`
`10)`
`(-1/5+3/7):5/4+(-4/5+4/7):5/4`
`= (-1/5+3/7) * 4/5 + (-4/5+4/7) * 4/5`
`= 4/5*(-1/5 +3/7-4/5+4/7)`
`= 4/5*[(-1/5-4/5)+(3/7+4/7)]`
`= 4/5* (-1+1)`
`= 4/5*0=0`
`11)`
`2022,2021 . 1954,1945+ 2022,2021 . (-1954,1945)`
`= 2022,2021 * [1954,1945 + (-1954,1945)]`
`= 2022,2021*0 `
`= 0`
`12)`
`-5,2 .72 +69,1 +5,2 . (-28)+(-1,1)`
`= -5,2*72 + 69,1 - 5,2*28 - 1,1`
`= -5,2*(72+28) + (69,1 - 1,1)`
`= -5,2*100 + 68`
`= -520 + 68`
`= -452`
`13)`
`(7 -1/2-3/4) : (5-1/4-5/8)`
`= 23/4 \div 33/8`
`=46/33`
`14)`
`(8+ 2 1/3 -3/5) -(5+0,4) -( 3 1/3 - 2)`
`= 8+ 2 1/3 - 3/5 - 5 - 0,4 - 3 1/3 + 2`
`= (8+2-5) + (2 1/3 - 3 1/3) - (0,6 + 0,4) `
`= 5 - 1 - 1`
`= 3`
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}0,75 - \frac{5}{6} + 1\frac{1}{2} = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{5}{6} + \frac{3}{2}\\ = \frac{9}{{12}} - \frac{{10}}{{12}} + \frac{{18}}{{12}} = \frac{{17}}{{12}}\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{3}{7} + \frac{4}{{15}} + \left( {\frac{{ - 8}}{{21}}} \right) + \left( { - 0,4} \right) = \frac{3}{7} + \frac{4}{{15}} - \frac{8}{{21}} - \frac{2}{5}\\ = \left( {\frac{3}{7} - \frac{8}{{21}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{4}{{15}} - \frac{2}{5}} \right)\\ = \left( {\frac{9}{{21}} - \frac{8}{{21}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{4}{{15}} - \frac{6}{{15}}} \right)\\ = \frac{1}{{21}} + \left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{{15}}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{{105}} - \frac{{14}}{{105}}\\ = \frac{{ - 9}}{{105}} = \frac{{ - 3}}{{35}}\end{array}\)
c)
\(\begin{array}{l}0,625 + \left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{7}} \right) + \frac{3}{8} + \left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{7}} \right) + 1\frac{2}{3}\\ = \frac{5}{8} + \left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{7}} \right) + \frac{3}{8} - \frac{5}{7} + \frac{5}{3}\\ = \left( {\frac{5}{8} + \frac{3}{8}} \right) + \left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{7} - \frac{5}{7}} \right) + \frac{5}{3}\\ = 1 - 1 + \frac{5}{3} = \frac{5}{3}\end{array}\)
d)
\(\begin{array}{l}\left( { - 3} \right).\left( {\frac{{ - 38}}{{21}}} \right).\left( {\frac{{ - 7}}{6}} \right).\left( { - \frac{3}{{19}}} \right)\\ = \frac{{ - 3.\left( { - 38} \right).\left( { - 7} \right).\left( { - 3} \right)}}{{21.6.19}}\\ = \frac{{3.38.7.3}}{{21.6.19}}\\ = \frac{{3.2.19.7.3}}{{3.7.3.2.19}}\\ = 1\end{array}\)
e)
\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{{11}}{{18}}:\frac{{22}}{9}} \right).\frac{8}{5} = \left( {\frac{{11}}{{18}}.\frac{9}{{22}}} \right).\frac{8}{5}\\ = \frac{{11.9.4.2}}{{9.2.2.11.5}} = \frac{2}{5}\end{array}\)
g)
\(\left[ {\left( {\frac{{ - 4}}{5}} \right).\frac{5}{8}} \right]:\left( {\frac{{ - 25}}{{12}}} \right) = \frac{{ - 20}}{{40}}:\left( {\frac{{ - 25}}{{12}}} \right)\\ = \frac{{ - 1}}{2}.\frac{{ - 12}}{{25}} = \frac{6}{{25}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{6}\) - 0,4 . \(\dfrac{5}{8}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{6}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{4}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
= \(\dfrac{2}{12}\) - \(\dfrac{3}{12}\) + \(\dfrac{6}{12}\)
= \(\dfrac{5}{12}\)
1/6-0,4.5/8+1/2
=1/6-1/4+1/2
=2/12-3/12+6/12
=5/12