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a/ \(\sqrt{a}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{a}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}}=2\), dấu "=" khi \(a=1\)
b/ \(a+b+\frac{1}{2}=a+\frac{1}{4}+b+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{a.\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{b.\frac{1}{4}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{4}\)
c/ Có lẽ bạn viết đề nhầm, nếu đề đúng thế này thì mình ko biết làm
Còn đề như vậy: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\) thì làm như sau:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\) ; \(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\); \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z\)
d/ \(\frac{\sqrt{3}+2}{\sqrt{3}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{\sqrt{3}+2}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{7+4\sqrt{3}}{3-4}-\frac{7-4\sqrt{3}}{3-4}=-7-4\sqrt{3}+7-4\sqrt{3}=-8\sqrt{3}\)
e/ \(\frac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ab}}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^3+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^3}{\sqrt{ab}}.\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2-b^2}{\sqrt{ab}}-\left(a-b\right)\) (bạn chép đề sai)
a) Ta có: \(\frac{a-b}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{a^3}-\sqrt{b^3}}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\frac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{a+2\sqrt{ab}+b-a-\sqrt{ab}-b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
b)Sửa đề: \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-4\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-4\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\)
\(=-2\sqrt{b}\)
c) Ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right):\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\frac{a-1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{3}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{3\sqrt{a}}\)
d) Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{a-b}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}-\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)\cdot\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}=1\)
e) Ta có: \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{3+\sqrt{x}}+\frac{x+9}{9-x}\right):\left(\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-3\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}+\frac{x+9}{\left(3+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right):\left(\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+9}{\left(3+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}:\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{-\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}+4}\)
Bài toán phụ: chứng minh \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\) với \(x,y\in R\)
Giải: Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+2xy+y^2-4xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng).
Vậy \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\) dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y.\)
Theo đề ta có \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{abc}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{\sqrt{abc}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{abc}}\)
Suy ra \(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=1\)
Mặt khác \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}=2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+2=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c=2\)
Theo bài toán phụ ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[a+\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
Mà \(a+b+c=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(4\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(1\ge a\left(b+c\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b+c\ge a\left(b+c\right)^2\)
Do \(\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\) nên \(a\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4abc\) hay \(b+c\ge4abc\) (đpcm).
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b+c\\b=c\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c=\frac{1}{2},\) \(a=1\)
Cho \(Q=\frac{2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{a}-3\sqrt{b}-6}-\frac{6-\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}+6}\)
a, Rút gọn Q
B, Chứng minh Q=\(\frac{b+81}{b-81}\)thì \(\frac{b}{a}\)là một số nguyên chia hết cho 3
\(Q=\frac{2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{a}-3\sqrt{b}-6}-\frac{6-\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}+6}\)
\(Q=\frac{2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)-3\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}-\frac{6-\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)+3\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}-\frac{6-\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(6-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(6-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{2a+6\sqrt{a}+3\sqrt{ab}+9\sqrt{b}-6\sqrt{a}+a\sqrt{b}+18-3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{2a+9\sqrt{b}+a\sqrt{b}+18}{\left(a-9\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{\left(a+9\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}{\left(a-9\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+2\right)}=\frac{a+9}{a-9}\)