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4) x,y lần lượt là số mol của M và M2O3
=> nOxi=3y=nCO2=0,3 => y=0,1
Đề cho x=y=0,1 =>0,1M+0,1(2M+48)=21,6 =>M=56 => Fe và Fe2O3
=> m=0,1.56 + 0,1.2.56=16,8
2)X + 2HCl === XCl2 + H2
n_h2 = 0,4 => X = 9,6/0,4 = 24 (Mg)
=>V_HCl = 0,4.2/1 = 0,8 l
Giả sử \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_M=1,5a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 27a + MM.1,5a = 6,3 (g) (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
- TH1: Nếu M không tác dụng với dd HCl
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2<------------------0,3
=> a = 0,2 (mol)
(1) => MM = 3 (L)
- TH2: Nếu M tác dụng với dd HCl
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
M + 2HCl --> MCl2 + H2
1,5a---------------->1,5a
=> 1,5a + 1,5a = 0,3
=> a = 0,1
(1) => MM = 24 (g/mol)
=> M là Mg
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{6,3}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{6,3}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2\left(tổng\right)}=n_{Fe}+n_{Zn}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{FeCl_2}=127.0,2=25,4\left(g\right)\)
nH2=0,1(mol)
nCl2=0,25(mol)
Gọi a, b là số mol Fe và M.
- TN2:
2Fe+3Cl2→2FeCl32Fe+3Cl2→2FeCl3
M+Cl2→MCl2+H2M+Cl2→MCl2+H2
⇒1,5a+b=0,25⇒1,5a+b=0,25 (1)
- TN1:
+ Nếu M>H:
Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2
M+2HCl→MCl2+H2M+2HCl→MCl2+H2
⇒a+b=0,1⇒a+b=0,1 (2)
(1)(2)⇒a=0,3;b=−0,2⇒a=0,3;b=−0,2 (loại)
+ Nếu M<H:
⇒a=0,1⇒a=0,1 (3)
(1)(3)⇒b=0,1⇒b=0,1
mhh=12g⇒56.0,1+0,1M=12mhh=12g⇒56.0,1+0,1M=12
⇔M=64(Cu)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
\(A: M, Fe\\ A+H_2SO_4 \to ASO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\frac{5,376}{22,4}=0,24(mol)\\ n_A=n_{H_2}=0,24(mol)\\ M_A=\frac{12}{0,24}=50(g/mol)\\ A+2HCl \to ACl_2+H_2\\ n_A=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\frac{1}{2}.0,24=0,12(mol)\\ M_A=\frac{3,6}{0,12}=30(g/mol)\\ 30< A <50\\ a/ \\\Rightarrow A: Ca\\ b/ \\ Fe+H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4+H_2\\ Ca+H_2SO_4 \to CaSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=a(mol)\\ n_{Ca}=b(mol)\\ m_{hh}=56a+40b=12(1)\\ n_{H_2}=a+b=0,24(mol)(2)\\ (1)(2)\\ a=0,15\\ b=0,09\\ \%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,15.56}{12}.100\%=70\%\\ \%m_{Ca}=100\%-70\%=30\% \)
Câu 5:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,874}{24,79}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi: nA = 3x (mol) ⇒ nB = 2x (mol)
PT: \(A+2HCl\rightarrow AlCl_2+H_2\)
\(2B+6HCl\rightarrow2BCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_A+\dfrac{3}{2}n_B\)
⇒ 0,6 = 3x + 3/2.2x
⇒ x = 0,1 (mol)
⇒ nA = 0,3 (mol), nB = 0,2 (mol)
Mà: mA + mB = 24,9
⇒ 0,3.MA + 0,2.MB = 24,9
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{24,9-0,2M_B}{0,3}>60\)
⇒ MB < 34,5 (g/mol) → MB = 27 (g/mol) → Al
MA = 65 (g/mol) → Zn
Câu 6:
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 65y = 19,85 (1)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{Zn}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ nHCl (dư) = (2x + 2y).20% (mol)
⇒ 95x + 136y + (2x + 2y).20%.36,5 = 54,09 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\left(mol\right)\\y=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{19,85}.100\%\approx18,14\%\\\%m_{Zn}\approx81,86\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: nHCl (pư) = 0,15.2 + 0,25.2 = 0,8 (mol) ⇒ nH2 = 1/2nHCl = 0,4 (mol)
nHCl (dư) = 0,8.20% = 0,16 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,8+0,16\right).36,5}{29,2\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 19,85 + 120 - 0,4.2 = 139,05 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,16.36,5}{139,05}.100\%\approx4,20\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.95}{139,05}.100\%\approx10,25\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.136}{139,05}.100\%\approx24,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)