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`(1)`
Gọi ct chung: \(\text{Al}_{\text{x}}\text{O}_{\text{y}}\)
`@` Theo quy tắc hóa trị: `III*x=y*II -> x/y=(II)/(III)`
`-> \text {x=2, y=3}`
`->`\(\text{CTHH: Al}_2\text{O}_3\)
\(\text{KLPT = }27\cdot2+16\cdot3=102\text{ }< \text{amu}>\)
`(2)`
Gọi ct chung: \(\text{Mg}_{\text{x}}\text{(OH)}_{\text{y}}\)
`@` Theo quy tắc hóa trị: `II*x=I*y -> x/y=I/(II)`
`-> \text {x = 1, y = 2}`
`->`\(\text{CTHH: Mg(OH)}_2\)
\(\text{KLNT = }24+\left(16+1\right)\cdot2=58\text{ }< \text{amu}>.\)
\(Đặt:Al_a^{III}O_b^{II}\left(a,b:nguyên,dương\right)\\ QT.hoá.trị:a.III=II.b\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{II}{III}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow a=2;b=3\\ CTTQ:Al_2O_3\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=2.27+3.16=102\left(đ.v.C\right)\)
`#040911`
Gọi CT chung: \(\text{Na}_{\text{x}}^{\text{I}}\text{O}^{\text{II}}_{\text{y}}\)
Theo quy tắc hóa trị: \(\text{I}\cdot y=\text{II}\cdot x\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{\text{II}}{\text{I}}\)
Vậy, `x = 2; y = 1`
`=> \text {CTHH:}`\(\text{Na}_2\text{O}.\)
Ta có:
\(\text{Na}:\text{ }23\text{ amu}\\ \text{O}:\text{ }16\text{ amu}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ Na}_2\text{O}=23\cdot2+16=62\left(\text{amu}\right)\)
Vậy, PTK của \(\text{Na}_2\text{O}\) là `62` `\text {amu}.`
\(a,CTHH:KCl\) , \(\text{K.L.P.T}=39+35,5=74,5< amu>.\)
\(CTHH:BaS\) , \(\text{K.L.P.T}=137+32=169< amu>.\)
\(CTHH:Al_2O_3\) , \(\text{K.L.P.T}=27.2+16.3=102< amu>.\)
\(b,CTHH:K_2SO_4\) , \(\text{K.L.P.T}=39.2+32+16.4=174< amu>.\)
\(CTHH:Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\), \(\text{K.L.P.T}=27.2+\left(32+16.4\right).3=342< amu>.\)
\(CTHH:MgCO_3\), \(\text{K.L.P.T}=24+12+16.3=84< amu>.\)
Gọi ct chung: \(\text{S}_{\text{x}}\text{O}_{\text{y}}\)
\(\text{PTK = }32\cdot\text{x}+16\cdot\text{y}=64\text{ }< \text{amu}>\)
\(\%\text{S}=\dfrac{32\cdot\text{x}\cdot100}{64}=50\%\)
`-> 32*\text {x}*100 = 50*64`
`-> 32*\text {x}*100=3200`
`-> 32\text {x}=32`
`-> \text {x}=1`
Vậy, số nguyên tử `\text {S}` trong phân tử `\text {S}_\text {x} \text {O}_\text {y}` là `1`
\(\%\text{O}=\dfrac{16\cdot\text{y}\cdot100}{64}=50\%\)
`-> \text {y = 2 (tương tự ngtử S)}`
Vậy, số nguyên tử `\text {O}` trong phân tử `\text {S}_\text {x} \text {O}_\text {y}` là `2`
`=> \text {CTHH: SO}_2.`