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VII. Choose the sentence which has the same meaning as the root one.
1. " I couldn't have made it without your help' means
A. I couldn't have made it if you helped me.
B. I couldn't have made it if you had helped me.
C. I couldn't have made it if you hadn't helped me.
D. I couldn't have made it if you didn't help me.
2. She didn't stop her car because she didn't see the signal.
A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car.
B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car.
C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car.
D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car.
3. His flight was deplayed so he couldn't be here on time.
A. He would be here in time if his flight were not deplayed.
B. He would have been here in time if his flight hadn't been deplayed.
C. He would be here in time if his flight hadn't been deplayed.
D. He would have been here in time if his flight weren't deplayed.
4. Without your help, I couldn't overcome the problem.
A. If you don't help me, I can't overcome problem.
B. If you didn't help me, I couldn't overcome problem.
C. If you hadn't helped me, I couldn't overcome problem.
D. If you hadn't helped me, I couldn't have overcome problem.
Ex1: (Conditionals,I wish,Past Subjunctive) Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentences printed before it
1,The only reason Jimmy often gets bad marks is because he is lazy
If Jimmy weren't lazy, he wouldn't often get bad marks.
2,We got lost because we didn't have a map
If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost.
3,We didn't go on holiday because we did not have enough money
If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
4,She didn't hurry,so she missed the train
If she had hurried, she wouldn't have missed the train.
5,I bought beef because I didn't know she couldn't eat it
If I had known she couldn't eat beef, I wouldn't have bought beef.
6,Providing that you leave a forwarding address,we will be able to contact you
Unless you leave a forwarding address, we will be able to contact you.
7,Unless you save some money,you will never be able to buy a car
Provided that you save some money, you will be able to buy a car.
8,The boys don't have any matches,so they can't light the fire
If the boys had some matches, they could light the fire.
Ex1: (Conditionals,I wish,Past Subjunctive) Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentences printed before it
1,The only reason Jimmy often gets bad marks is because he is lazy
If Jimmy.....weren't lazy , he wouldn't often get bad marks
2,We got lost because we didn't have a map
If we.....had a map , we wouldn't get lost
3,We didn't go on holiday because we did not have enough money
If we.had enough money , we would go on holiday ...
4,She didn't hurry,so she missed the train
If she.had hurried , she would have missed...
5,I bought beef because I didn't know she couldn't eat it
If I.... had known she couldn't eat beef, I wouldn't have bought beef.
6,Providing that you leave a forwarding address,we will be able to contact you
Unless you leave a forwarding address, we will be able to contact you
7,Unless you save some money,you will never be able to buy a car
Provided that.. you save some money, you will be able to buy a car...
8,The boys don't have any matches,so they can't light the fire
If the boys. had some matches, they could light the fire...
1 I'm busy so i can't go out with my friends
➞ If i had free time, i could go out with my friends
2 He plays soccer well so he can take part in the Games
➞ If he plays soccer well, he can take part in the Games
3 She can't go to the party because i don't invite her
➞ If i invited her, she could go to the party
4 I can't get a job easily because I don't have a degree
➞ If i had a degree, i could get a job easily
5 He doesn't have enough money , so he doesn't buy a house
➞ If he had enough money, he would buy a house
6 It is raining heavily so we can't go to the market
➞ If it weren't raining heavily, we could go to the market
7 He will go to watch the World Cup because he is studying in Russi
➞ If he studies in Russi, he will go to watch World Cup
8 I didn't talk to him because i didn't know him
➞ If i had knonw him, i would have talked to him
9 John didn't have money so he couldn't lend you some
➞ If he had had money, he could have lent you some
10 We couldn't go out because the weather was so bad
➞If the weather hadn't been so bad, we could have gone out
11 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got a cold
➞If Mary had worn the raincoast, she wouldn't have got cold
12 Marry was injured in the crash because she wasnot wearing the seat belt
➞ If Marry had been wearing the seat belt, she wouldn't have been injured in the crash
13 Carol didn't answer the phone because he was studying
➞ If Carol hadn't been studying, he would have answered
14 You didn't eat breakfast, so you are hungry now
➞If you had eaten breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry now
15 I stayed up late last night, so i feel asleep now
➞If i hadn't stayed up late last night, i wouldn't feel asleep now
16 I can't retell the film now because i didn't watch it last night
➞If i had watched the film last night, i could retell it now
17 He is tired now because he drank too much yesterday evening
➞If he hadn't drunk too much yesterday evening, he wouldn't be tired now
18 I bought the car yesterday, so I run out of money now
➝ If i hadn't bought the car yesterday, i wouldn't run out of money now
19 He didn't go to the class regularly, so he can't take part in the competition now
➞If he had gone to the class regularly, he could take part in the competition now
Choose the best answer for each of the fllowing sentences
1. ............ if you work harder, you will be sacked.
A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless
2. I think you should stop smoking.
A. If I am you, I will stop smoking B. If I were you, I will stop smoking
C. If I were you, I would stop smoking D. If I had been you, I would stop smoking
3. If you take the ice out of the fridge, it ...........
A. vaporizes B. melts C. heats D. disappears
4. We should do something to protect water from being polluted ........... we will have nothing to drink in the future.
A. if B. whether C. or D. unless
5. Let's knock on their door to see .......... home.
A. if they're B. unless they're C. whether they were D. if they were
6. Unless we .......... more snow, we can't go skiing.
A. will have B. have C. have had D. had
7. You'll fail the exam ........... you start revising.
A. if B. until C. when D. unless
8. Unless you wash the car, you .............. not drive it at the weekend
A. would B. could C. have to D. may
9. If Peter ............... his car before the drive, he ................ the problem of out of petrol.
A. cheked / will not get B. had checked / would not have got
C. checks / will not have got D. would be checking / will not have got
10. He stepped on the mine, and it exploded.
A. If he doesn't step on the mine, it doesn't explode.
B. If he doesn't step on the mine, it won't explode.
C. If he didn't step on the mine, it wouldn't explode.
D. If he hadn't step on the mine, it wouldn't have exploded.
Ex1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of the given word:
1. It's not a good idea to leave a child unsupervised. (shouldn't)
You shouldn't leave a child unsupervised.
2. You are not allowed to leave the room without permission. (mustn't)
You mustn't leave the room without permission.
3. I'm obliged to finish the letter before midday. (have)
You have to finish the letter before midday.
4. It isn't necessary for you to take a thick coat. (don't)
You don't have to take a thick coat.
5. It's a good idea to swallow rapidly if you have hiccups. (should)
You should swallow rapidly if you have hiccups.
Choose the correct word by underlining it at each number in the following paragraph, then answer the questions
A plastic problem
Nowadays,people use a lot of plastic bags and they often (1)throw/away the bags afterwards. They don't often (2)pollute/reuse or (3) waste/recycle them. When we (4) destroy/reuse plastic, we pollute the lands or air. It isn't a good idea to (5) burn/poison plastic because it (6)poisons/saves the atmosphere. The alternative is to (7)bury/pollute it, but some plastic doesn't decompose for over a thousand years.
Question:
8. Do you throw away or reuse plastic bags?
I reuse plastic bags
9. What do you and your school do with rubbish?
Sometimes , we reuse them
10. What things are harmful to the environment in your area?
They are rubbish , pesticide , herbicide ,...
#Yumi
1/ She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree.
=>If she had a college degree, she would be employed.
2/ I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.
=>If I had enough money, I could go on a long holiday this year.
3/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task.
=>Because he is very slow, we won’t give his such an important task.
4/ I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I shan’t join your picnic.
=>Because I have to work this Sunday, I shan’t join your picnic.
5/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt.
=>He works overtime to get more money because of his father’s debt.
6/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
=>Everything is very expensive, so city life isn’t enjoyable.
7/ There are industrial factories inside the city, that’s why pollution can’t be reduced.
=>There are industrial factories inside the city, so pollution can’t be reduced.
8/ Everything on the earth grows well because the sun always shines.
=>Everything on the earth grows well because of the sunshine.
9/ There is a grammar error in this English composition, that’s why it can’t get a full mark.
=>There is a grammar error in this English composition, so it can’t get a full mark.
10/ I don’t have a typewriter. I can’t type it myself.
I can’t type it myself because I don’t have a typewriter.
=>If I buy a new hat, I'll give it to u
12. Today isn't Sunnday. The pupils can't go swimming.
=>If today was Sunday the pupils could go swimming
13. He wasn't here. He didn't have a lot of fun.
=>If he had been here he would have a lot of fun
14. My brother will have anough money. He will buy a bicycle.
=>If my father has enough money he'll buy a bicycle
15. He didn't have time. He didn't read this novel.
=>If he had had time he would have read thí novel
16. Because she missed the bus, she was late.
=>If she hadn't missed the bus she wouln't have been late
17. Peter doesn't study hard, so he can't get good marks.
=>If Peter studied hard he could get good marks
18. My sister is absent from her class because she has a terrible headache.
=>If my sister didn't have a terrible headache she would be absent from her class
19. Windy didn't come, so we cancelled the meeting.
=>If windy had come we wouldn't have cancelled the meeting
20. He was angry, so he didn't say anything.
=>If he hadn't angry he would have said something
Rewrite the second sentence so that it has smilar meaning to the first one
1.She couldn't afford to buy the car
->The car is too.....expensive for her to buy...........................
2.I would like you to help me to put the chair away
->Do you mind.........helping me ........to put the chair away........................................
3.If I were you, I wouldn't sweep the house on the work today?
->Do we.........sweep the house on the work today,don't we?...........................................................
5.Learining about other cultures is one of my interests
->I'm.........interested in Learining about other cultures.....................................................................
6.Unless he phones her immediately, he won't get any information
->If......he doesn't phone her immediately, he won't get any information............................................................................
7.It's very difficult to leave here after such a long time
->It isn't.....easy .......to leave here after such a long time.......................................................
8.Let's get together and talk about our presentation before we do it in class
->Why........don't we get together and talk about our presentation before we do it in class...............................................................
choose A or B which is closer in meaning to the given sentences
1:stop smoking or it's not good for both your health and the air
A:If you don't stop smoking,you will destroy your health àn the air we breathe
B:You wouldn't destroy your health and the air we bretheif you stopped smoking
2:Nuclear weapons research and develoyment leads to radioacrive contamination
A:Radioactive contamination may not happen more often if there aren't nuclear weapons research and develoyment
B:Radioactive contamination mightn't happen more often if there weren't nuclear weapons research and develoyment
3:The factory has to be responible for not treating their industrial sewage properly
A:This river wouldn't be polluted if that factory treated their industrial sewage properly
B:This river will be polluted if that factory doesn't treat industrial sewage properly
4:People throw trash everywhere.Maybe they need to be raised their awareness of visual ppollution
A:If people are more aware of visual pollution,they won't throw trash everywhere
B:If people were more aware of visual pollution,they wouldn't throw trash everywhere
5:The sale is persuading me to buy the product of filter from his company
A:If you didn''t use this filter,it wouldn't remove almost pollutants from your drinking water
B:If you use filter,it will help you remove almost pollutants from your drinking water
6:I think the mayor of this city should cut down the unnecessary light poles to save energy
A:I would cut down the unnecessary light poles if I were the mayor of this city
B:If I am responsible for this city's policy,I will cut down the unnecessary light poles
II. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentence
1. the environment/ our awareness/ help/ of/ raise/ The actions/ protecting/.
=> The actions of protecting the environment help raise our awareness.
2. a good idea/ It isn't/ because/ to/ plastic/ burn/ it/ the air/ pollutes/.
=> It isn't a good idea to burn plastic because it pollutes the air.
3. she/ If/ blood/ work/ in/ wouldn't/ pressure/ office/,/ Sarah/ didn't/ have/ high/ noisy/ a/.
=> If Sarah didn't work in a noisy office, she wouldn't have a high blood pressure.
4. it/ would stop/ mudslide/,/ we/ If/ didn't/ anticipate/ raining/ a/.
=> If we didn't anticipate a mudslide, it would stop raining.
5. the/ every/ Highland/ join/ Games/ Scottish/ year/ traditionally/ The/.
=> The Scottish traditionally join the Highland Game every year.
II. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentence
1. the environment/ our awareness/ help/ of/ raise/ The actions/ protecting/.
=> The actions of protecting the environment help our awareness raise.
2. a good idea/ It isn't/ because/ to/ plastic/ burn/ it/ the air/ pollutes/.
=> It isn't a good idea to burn plastic because it pollutes the air
3. she/ If/ blood/ work/ in/ wouldn't/ pressure/ office/,/ Sarah/ didn't/ have/ high/ noisy/ a/.
=> If Sarah didn't work in a noisy office, she wouldn't have high blood pressure.
4. it/ would stop/ mudslide/,/ we/ If/ didn't/ anticipate/ raining/ a/.
=> If we didn't anticipate a muslide, it would stop raining.
5. the/ every/ Highland/ join/ Games/ Scottish/ year/ traditionally/ The/.
=> The Highland Games join Scottish traditionally every the year