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An American professor who has studied the Mayas.........HAS........ come up........WITH.....a new theory about the sudden end of their empire.According to Professor Richard Hansen, an archaeologist....AT..... the University of California; the collapse of the Mayan.......CIVILIZATION... in Central America was.....BROUGHT..... about by the Mayas....THEMSELVES............
Their object was to display their wealth and power by making their building and decorations as beautiful as possible.This involved using large quantities of lime, which they put..........ON........the walls to make them smooth. Unfortunately, the creation of lime is a precess which requires intense heat, and they.....THEREFORE... had to cut down huge numbers.....OF....... trees. This affected the quality of the soil, and it..........BECAME..........almost impossible to farm
An American professor who studied the Mayas has (1)_______ a new theory about the sudden end of their empire. (2)_______ to Professor Richard Hansen, an archaeologist at the University of California, (3)_______ of the Mayan civilization in central American was (4)_______ about by the Mayas themselves.
Their object was to display their (5)_______ and power by making their buildings and decoration as beautiful as possible. This involved using large quantities of lime, which they put on the walls to make them smooth. Unfortunately, the creation of lime is a process that requires intense heat, and they, therefore, had to cut down huge numbers of trees. This affected the quality of the soil, and it became almost impossible to farm.
Professor Hansen, who has just returned from an excavation in the El Mirador region of northern Guatemala, (6)_______ a meeting of archaeologists in Philadelphia that the Mayas, having made this mistake in the 3rd century, repeated it 600 years later, at which time it proved fatal. Increasing food (7)_______ among the Mayas created a Central American equivalent of the Peloponnesian War which ravaged (8)_______ Greece. However, unlike the Greek civil war, which only (9)_______ for 27 years, the Mayas wars went on for many centuries and left many of their great cities and temples in (10)_______.
Question 1.
A. Come down to B. come up with
C. keep up with D. look up to
Question 2.
A. Referring B. Relating C. According D. Respecting
Question 3.
A. collapse B. drop C. going down D. crash
Question 4.
A. Made B. came C. turned D. brought
Question 5.
A. wealth B. fortune C. cash D. salary
Question 6.
A. explained B. suggested C. told D. claimed
Question 7.
A. lack B. shortages C. droughts D. failures
Question 8.
A. antique B. old C. past D. ancient
Question 9.
A. stayed B. spent C. lasted D. longed
Question 10.
A. injuries. B. damages C. spoils D. ruins
Supply each blank with one suitable word:
Many tourists who visit Central America find (1).......it....... surprising to learn that the Mayas still live there. (2).......although........ it is tue that their country was (3)...........taken....... over by the Spanish conquistadors, the Mayan people carried (4)...........on....... living in the area. Today there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas (5).........who......... live in the southern Mexico, and many other areas of Central America states have large Mayan popoulations as (6).........well.........
Many of their stories and art forms have remained (7)..........unchanged........ over time, and today, women weave clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that have the same as (8)..........those........ found in ancient temples.
The different patterns and symbols onthese brightly coloured (9).........clothes........ not only look attractive, (10)..........but........ also communicate important informationsuch as marital (11).........status.........
Even though the majority of the Mayas are nor Catholics, many of the festivals that they (12).........take......... part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors (13)..........use........ to practise and more modern Christian elements. It was perhaps the Maya's ability to (14)..........adapt........ and change that made it possible for them to survive to the (15)..........present........ day.
Supply each blank with one suitable word:
Many tourists who visit Central America find (1)......it........ surprising to learn that the Mayas still live there. (2)......Although......... it is tue that their country was (3)........taken.......... over by the Spanish conquistadors, the Mayan people carried (4)........on.......... living in the area. Today there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas (5).......who........... live in the southern Mexico, and many other areas of Central America states have large Mayan popoulations as (6)........well..........
Many of their stories and art forms have remained (7)........unchanged.......... over time, and today, women weave clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that have the same as (8).........those......... found in ancient temples.
The different patterns and symbols onthese brightly coloured (9)......clothes............ not only look attractive, (10).......but ........... also communicate important informationsuch as marital (11)........status..........
Even though the majority of the Mayas are nor Catholics, many of the festivals that they (12)........take.......... part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors (13).........use......... to practise and more modern Christian elements. It was perhaps the Maya's ability to (14).........adapt......... and change that made it possible for them to survive to the (15).......present........... day.
46. The writer describes the street as a place where _____.
A. people felt they were part of a co unity B. people resisted the fast pace of motion life
C. everyone quietly got on with their own life D. everyone could afford their own house
47. Streets of this kind had been built in the past because they were _____.
A. comfortable B. long-lasting C. traditional D. cheap
48. What did the writer NOT understand when the letter arrived?
A. why things had to change B. why his parents were arguing
C. who had organised the meeting D. where they were going to live next
49. Why didn’t the writer’s father want to move house?
A. He knew why the area had to be developed.
B. He didn’t understand why they wanted to change things.
C. He didn’t want to live in a modern house.
D. It would cost them more.
50. Why did the mother’s mother want to move house?
A. She liked to impress other people. B. She didn’t like the neighbours.
C. She knew it would annoy the writer’s father. D. She thought the local council would help.
51. During the meeting, most people were _____.
A. shocked by what they learned B. unhappy about the proposals
C. sympathetic to the councilor D. confused by the explanation
52. Why was the writer surprised by what his father said?
A. He knew that his father was watching television.
B. He thought that it would upset his mother.
C. He knew that what his father said was wrong.
D. He thought his mother would have made the suggestion.
53. According to the passage, who would make a final decision on the development of the area?
A. People in the area B. The councilors C. Home owners D. The writer’s father
54. What would be the most suitable title for this extract?
A. An unhappy childhood B. A difficult marriage C. The wrong decision D. Changing times
55. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. people at the meeting supported the plan to develop the area
B. everybody in the area wanted to modernize their house
C. the writer said that he didn’t give permission for the development
D. the writer’s father finally agreed to move the house
16. Research shows that, compared with the previous generation, young people today are _____.
A. less perceptive B. more sensitive C. more worldly-wise D. better informed
17. In paragraph 3, the word ‘stances’ is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. attitudes B. situations C. functions D. places
18. According to new research by five media groups, today’s youngsters are _____.
A. able to understand the language of advertising
B. unable to ‘read’ the messages in the many forms of advertising
C. bright enough to do some research before buying something
D. a bit wary of adverts
19. Advertisements aimed at the present young generation _____.
A. are using a variety of new techniques B. are technologically sophisticated
C. are making use of old techniques D. are becoming more subtle
20. It can be inferred that celebrity endorsements are advertisements _____.
A. that show viewers how to become famous
B. that famous people like watching
C. where famous people say they use and like certain products
D. where viewers are invited to take part in a phone-in progra e
21. Young people seem to believe that costly advertising _____.
A. makes no difference to the popularity of the product B. is the mark of a good quality product
C. means the product is probably overpriced D. does not inspire customer confidence
22. According to Stuart Armon, youngsters today pay more attention to an advert _____.
A. if its message is i ediately obvious B. if it is on their favorite TV channel
C. if it gives them something to think about D. if it has a witty element
23. Sid McGrath is concerned that young people these days _____.
A. are encouraged to eat too much B. are given too many choices
C. are not required to drink D. do not get enough exercise
24. The author uses the phrase ‘living vicariously’ in the penultimate paragraph to mean that young people _____.
A. want to become more sophisticated than other people
B. do not imitate people around the
C. do not rely on their own feeling or senses to understand the world around the
D. want to be independent of other people
25. According to McGrath, many advertisements today are adapting to satisfy youngsters’ desire to _____.
A. understand their problems B. see the funny side of their problems
C. forget their problems D. find solutions to their problems
16. a. with b. to c. for d. about
17. a. in b. at c. on d. belongs to
18. a. civil b. civilians c. civilize d. civilization
19. a. brought b. turned c. came d. made
20. a. themselves b. themself c. theirself d. theyselves
21. a. popular b. suitable c. possible d. available
22. a. in b. on c. for d. to
23. a. however b. therefore c. moreover d. besides
24. a. on b. of c. for d. Æ
25. a. become b. becomes c. has become d. became
16. a. with b. to c. for d. about
17. a. in b. at c. on d. belongs to
18. a. civil b. civilians c. civilize d. civilization
19. a. brought b. turned c. came d. made
20. a. themselves b. themself c. theirself d. theyselves
21. a. popular b. suitable c. possible d. available
22. a. in b. on c. for d. to
23. a. however b. therefore c. moreover d. besides
24. a. on b. of c. for d. Æ
25. a. become b. becomes c. has become d. became