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XI. Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. We must conserve water. Otherwise we will face serious water shortages. (IF)
__________________If we don't conserve water, we will face serious water shortages ______________________________________________
2. The weather was awful. We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday. (BECAUSE OF)
____________________Because of the awful weather, we didn't enjoy our camping holiday____________________________________________
3. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. They will remain in the environment for many years.
(SINCE)
______________________Plastic bags will remain in the environment for many years since they are non-biodegradable__________________________________________
4. Paul doesn’t think about the planet. He wastes so much water. (IF)
_______________________If Paul though about the planet, he wouldn't waste so much water_________________________________________
5. Water pollution happens. Many aquatic animals such as fish can die. (LEAD)
____________________Water pollution can lead to the death of many aquatic animals such as fish___________________________________________
6. The climate is changing. The earth is getting warmer. (BECAUSE)
_______________________Because the climate is changing, the earth is getting warmer _________________________________________
7. We should stop cutting down so many trees. We endanger our oxygen supply. (UNLESS)
_________________________Unless we stop cutting down so many trees, we will endanger our oxygen supply _______________________________________
8. People begin to recycle. They generate much less trash. (WHEN)
_____________________________When people begin to recycle, they generate much less trash___________________________________
9. We are damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is necessary for human existence.
(EVEN THOUGH)
___________________________Even though the ozone layer is necessary for human existence, we are damaging the ezone layer_____________________________________
10. Sue is suffering from skin cancer. She was exposed to radiation when she was young. (SO)
_______________________Sue was exposed to radiation when she was young so she is suffering from skin cancer_________________________________________
Because the climate is changing, the earth is getting warmer
Unless we stop cutting down so many trees, we endanger our oxygen supply
When people begin to recycle, they generate much less trash
Even though the ozone layer is necessary for human existence, we are damaging the ozone layer
Sue was exposed to radiation when she was young, so she is suffering from skin cancer
1. He learnt English when he was 18
-> He has............learnt english since he was 18................................
2. He started living in HCM City when he was 8
-> He has......lived in HCM City since he was 8.........................................................
3. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
-> Lan didn't...........write to Maryam a month ago....................................................................
4. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
-> He started......living in Ha Noi when he was 12...............................................................
5. I haven't met her for a long time.
-> I didn't...........met her a long time ago.........................................................
6. How long have you learnt English?
-> How long ago........did you learn english..........................................
7. The last time we went to London was two years ago.
-> We haven't........gone to London for two years...................................................
8. It's necessary for us to drive so fast.
-> Driving.......so fast is necessary for us ..............................
9. It was the bad news that Helen burts into tears.
-> The news........is so bad that Helen burts into tears..................................................
10. They have given her a bunch of flowers.
-> A bunch of flowers.....have been given to her......................
Ex 1: Supply the correct form of the word
6. My house is on the top of a hill so it is ___windy____ in the fall WIND
Ex 2: Rewrite the following sentences
1. He learnt English when he was 18
-> He has....learnt English since he was 18 ......
2. He started living in HCM City when he was 8
-> He has.....lived in HCM City since he was 8 ....
3. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
-> Lan didn't........write to Maryam a month ago ......
4. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
-> He started.......living in Ha Noi when he was 12 ....
5. I haven't met her for a long time.
-> I didn't......meet her a long time ago .........
6. How long have you learnt English?
-> How long ago.....did you learn English?...
7. The last time we went to London was two years ago.
-> We haven't......been to London for two years ........
8. It's necessary for us to drive so fast.
-> Driving.....so fast is neccessary for us ........
9. It was the bad news that Helen burts into tears.
-> The news......was so bad that Helen burts into tears .............
10. They have given her a bunch of flowers.
-> A bunch of flowers.......has been given to her.........
11. They need to paint these pieces of furniture.
-> These pieces of furniture......need painting ......
12. It's three years since I last spoke to her.
-> I....haven't spoken to her for three years ..........
13. He was delighted to receive his aunt's letter.
-> He was delighted that he.......received his aunt's letter .....
14. They will show the time machine to the public when they finish it.
-> The time machine.........will be shown to the public when they finish it ....
15. Please don't interrupt me while I am speaking.
-> I'd rather.......you didn't interrupt me while I am speaking......
16. Get up now or you'll be late for school.
-> If.....you don't get up now, you will be late for school ...
17. People should stop experiments on animals.
-> Experiments.....on animals should be stopped by people .........
18. Mandy is excited about going to Greece on holiday.
-> Mandy is looking.....forward to going to Greece on holiday .....
19. The dentist will have to take out the infected tooth.
-> The infected tooth........will have to be taken out by the dentist.......
20. I felt tired after a long trip, so I went to bed early.
-> Feeling tired...after a long trip, so I went to bed early .....
21. They made him sign a papet admitting his guilt.
-> He was.......made to sign a papet admitiing his guilt .......
22. We couldn't drive because of the fog.
-> The fog prevented.......us from driving .......
23. We felt bored because of his long speech.
-> His long speech.....made us feel bored ...
X Read the passage. Answer the questions below.
Scientists have discovered that the ozone layer is getting thinner. Some predict that the sun’s rays will cause a sharp increase in deaths from skin cancer over the next fifty years. These harmful rays can also damage the eyes, create wrinkles, and cause other health problems.
The stratosphere contains a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. The chemical formula of ozone is 03. Oxygen molecules make up about 21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. They consist of two atoms of oxygen and are labeled 02. Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule, it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen. These single atoms are very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.
1.What do people say about the rate of deaths from skin cancer in the future?
=> Some predict that the sun’s rays will cause a sharp increase in deaths from skin cancer over the next fifty years. These harmful rays can also damage the eyes, create wrinkles, and cause other health problems.
2. How many oxygen atoms are there in a molecule?
=> Oxygen molecules make up about 21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
3.What elements participate in the formation process of ozone?
=> Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun.
4.What happens when an oxygen molecule and an ultraviolet radiation hit each other?
=> When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule, it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen
5.What is the feature of single atoms?
=> These single atoms are very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.
Complete the passage with the suitable words.
Health is something we tend to ignore when we have it. When our body is rather well, we're hardly ever (1) ..aware........ of it. But illness can come, even (2) .......when.... we are young. In fact, childhood has been a very vulnerable time. Many (3) ....diseases.... attacked children in particular and people knew very little about how to prevent such illness or how to (4) ...cure..... them once they struck. The resuft was that many children died. About century ago, however, scientists found out about germs, and then everything (5) .....changed... The cause of many diseases (6) ......was.. known, and cures were developed. As this medical knowledge spread the world became (7)......much.... safer for children. The resuft is that whereas a hundred years ago the average man lived for 35 years. Nowadays, in many places of the world, people can expect to (8)......live..... for years. And what do we except by the years 2010 ? Undoubtedly, (9)...medical.... science will continue to advance. Some people will be able to (10)......solve.... medical problems that are unavoidable today.
1: We didn’t enjoy our camping because of awful weather
2: Despite the fact that thier tired they tried to finish their project on time.
3: If Paul thought about the planet, he wouldn’t waste so much water.
4: Unless we stop cutting down so many tree, we will endanger our oxygen supply.
5: When people begin cycling, they will generate much less trash
6: We are damaging the ozone layer even though it is necessary for human existence
7: Sue was exposed to radiation when she was young, so she is suffing from skin cancer.
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