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XI. Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. We must conserve water. Otherwise we will face serious water shortages. (IF)
__________________If we don't conserve water, we will face serious water shortages ______________________________________________
2. The weather was awful. We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday. (BECAUSE OF)
____________________Because of the awful weather, we didn't enjoy our camping holiday____________________________________________
3. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. They will remain in the environment for many years.
(SINCE)
______________________Plastic bags will remain in the environment for many years since they are non-biodegradable__________________________________________
4. Paul doesn’t think about the planet. He wastes so much water. (IF)
_______________________If Paul though about the planet, he wouldn't waste so much water_________________________________________
5. Water pollution happens. Many aquatic animals such as fish can die. (LEAD)
____________________Water pollution can lead to the death of many aquatic animals such as fish___________________________________________
6. The climate is changing. The earth is getting warmer. (BECAUSE)
_______________________Because the climate is changing, the earth is getting warmer _________________________________________
7. We should stop cutting down so many trees. We endanger our oxygen supply. (UNLESS)
_________________________Unless we stop cutting down so many trees, we will endanger our oxygen supply _______________________________________
8. People begin to recycle. They generate much less trash. (WHEN)
_____________________________When people begin to recycle, they generate much less trash___________________________________
9. We are damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is necessary for human existence.
(EVEN THOUGH)
___________________________Even though the ozone layer is necessary for human existence, we are damaging the ezone layer_____________________________________
10. Sue is suffering from skin cancer. She was exposed to radiation when she was young. (SO)
_______________________Sue was exposed to radiation when she was young so she is suffering from skin cancer_________________________________________
X Read the passage. Answer the questions below.
Scientists have discovered that the ozone layer is getting thinner. Some predict that the sun’s rays will cause a sharp increase in deaths from skin cancer over the next fifty years. These harmful rays can also damage the eyes, create wrinkles, and cause other health problems.
The stratosphere contains a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. The chemical formula of ozone is 03. Oxygen molecules make up about 21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. They consist of two atoms of oxygen and are labeled 02. Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule, it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen. These single atoms are very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.
1.What do people say about the rate of deaths from skin cancer in the future?
=> Some predict that the sun’s rays will cause a sharp increase in deaths from skin cancer over the next fifty years. These harmful rays can also damage the eyes, create wrinkles, and cause other health problems.
2. How many oxygen atoms are there in a molecule?
=> Oxygen molecules make up about 21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
3.What elements participate in the formation process of ozone?
=> Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun.
4.What happens when an oxygen molecule and an ultraviolet radiation hit each other?
=> When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule, it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen
5.What is the feature of single atoms?
=> These single atoms are very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.
Complete the passage with the suitable words.
Health is something we tend to ignore when we have it. When our body is rather well, we're hardly ever (1) ..aware........ of it. But illness can come, even (2) .......when.... we are young. In fact, childhood has been a very vulnerable time. Many (3) ....diseases.... attacked children in particular and people knew very little about how to prevent such illness or how to (4) ...cure..... them once they struck. The resuft was that many children died. About century ago, however, scientists found out about germs, and then everything (5) .....changed... The cause of many diseases (6) ......was.. known, and cures were developed. As this medical knowledge spread the world became (7)......much.... safer for children. The resuft is that whereas a hundred years ago the average man lived for 35 years. Nowadays, in many places of the world, people can expect to (8)......live..... for years. And what do we except by the years 2010 ? Undoubtedly, (9)...medical.... science will continue to advance. Some people will be able to (10)......solve.... medical problems that are unavoidable today.
Rewrite the sentences below with connectors given in brackets.
1. Although I approve of parties. I can't let you give one tonight. (much as)
=>Much approved of parties as I am,I can't let you give one tonight.
2. As you haven't performed your duties, you will be expelled from the club.(consequently)
=>you haven't performed your duties.consequently, you will be expelled from the club.
3. "However fast I ran, I was always in the same place" she dreamt. (although)
=>''although I ran fast,I was always in the same place" she dreamt.
4. His father has died, so he is crying his heart out. (owing to)
=>he is crying his heart out owing to his father's death
5. These are the rules, but there are exceptions. (nevertheless)
=>These are the rules.nevertheless, there are exceptions.
6. I neither love you nor I want to see you again. (what's more)
=>I don't love you ,and what's more I don't want to see you again.
7. Majorca is a paradise for tourists; this is the consequence of its popularity. ( hence)
=>Majorca is a paradise for tourists.hence this is the consequence of its popularity.
8. The cause of his death was a heart attack. (due to)
=>his death was due to a heart attack.
9. As our business is going from bad to worse, we will have to close down. (as a result)
=>we will have to close down as a result our business is going from bad to worse
11. We will have to work hard at it because time is pressing on. (so)
=>time is pressing on so We will have to work hard at it
13. We will have take strict measures, since the unemployment rate has increased. (thus)
=>We will have take strict measures. thus the unemployment rate has increased.14. You have failed all your exams, so we will not buy you the bike we promised. (since)
=>we will not buy you the bike we promised since You have failed all your exams
15. The lack of discipline was the reaso they lost the battle. (through)
=>The lack was disciplined through they lost the battle.
Ex 5. Give the correct form of the words in the brackets.
1. Her speech on the environment was ………meaningful……………(meaning)
2. My teacher is so …………helpless…………..when we don't understand something. (help)
3. I was ………helped……….to stop the dog biting me. (help)
4. This dictionary is so………………useful………...( use)
5 Every day we hear about new ……development…………in science and technology. (develop)
6. Einstein was one of the greatest …………scientists………….in the world. (science)
7 The USA is a world leader in space……………exploration…………. (explore)
8. Advances in ……medical………science will help people live longer in the future. (medicine)
9. There is a link between …economic………. development and the environment. (economy)
10. He drives very (care)……………carelessly……………. .He is sure to have an accident.
11. Environmental (protect)…………protection………… is every one’s responsibility.
V. Choose the words or phrases that are not correct ,then correct it.
1. Anne got mark 10 in math so she felt very happily.
A B C D
2. The house painted more than five years ago, so I’m going to repaint it.
A B C D
3. A lot of crops can’t be grew in the mountains because it gets too cold.
A B C D
4. The telephone was invented with a Scotsman, Alexander G. Bell, in 1876.
A B C D
5. We reached the nearest village after walked for five hours.
A B C D
6. Would you like coming to my birthday party?
A B C D
7. As soon as Sylvia and Ronald will arrive, the meeting canstart.
A B C D
10. It’s very difficult for studentsto answer all of the question in fifteen minutes.
A B C D
11. The project will be show to the public when it is finished,
A B C D
12. The government wants everyone torecycle 25% of their household wasting.
A B C D
Because the climate is changing, the earth is getting warmer
Unless we stop cutting down so many trees, we endanger our oxygen supply
When people begin to recycle, they generate much less trash
Even though the ozone layer is necessary for human existence, we are damaging the ozone layer
Sue was exposed to radiation when she was young, so she is suffering from skin cancer